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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Geriatr Oncol. 2016 Jul 7;7(6):444–452. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.06.007

Table 3.

Association between substance use and outcomes (advanced prostate cancer cohort and controls)

Hospitalizations
OR (95% CI)		 Outpatient
Visits OR
(95% CI)		 ER Visits
OR (95%
CI)		 All-cause
mortality§
HR (95%
CI)
Age 66 - 74 years (adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidity
and geographic region)
Prostate cancer + substance
use (Group 4)
Prostate cancer only (Group 3)
Substance use only (Group 2)
Non cancer/non-substance use
(Group 1, reference)		 17.9 (14.9, 21.7)
4.9 (4.6, 5.3)
3.1 (2.6, 3.5)
  -		 1.9 (1.6, 2.1)
0.68 (0.63,
0.72)
1.5 (1.3, 1.8)
   -		 7.8 (6.7,
9.0)
4.2 (4.0,
4.6)
2.1 (1.8,
2.5)
   -		 3.8 (3.4,
4.3)
2.7 (2.6,
3.1)
1.6 (1.4,
1.9)
   -
Age ≥ 75 years (adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidity and
geographic region)
Prostate cancer + substance
use (Group 4)
Prostate cancer only (Group 3)
Substance use only (Group 2)
Non cancer/non-substance use
(Group 1, reference)		 11.7 (9.2, 15.1)
3.9 (3.6, 4.1)
1.9 (1.5, 2.3)
  -		 4.9 (3.9, 6.1)
1.7 (1.5, 1.8)
1.3 (1.0, 1.6)
   -		 5.1 (4.1,
6.2)
2.4 (2.1,
2.5)
1.8 (1.4,
2.2)
   -		 2.4 (2.1,
2.7)
3.0 (2.7,
3.2)
1.1 (0.94,
1.3)
   -
*

Logistic models

§

Cox proportional hazard model