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. 2016 Dec 6;5(12):e397. doi: 10.1038/mtna.2016.105

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Copyright © 2016 Official journal of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Neutrophil depletion inhibit secretion of Th1 cytokines. Culture medium was collected after total splenocytes were cultured for 24 hours. The concentration of (a) IFN-γ, (b) TNF-α, (c) IL-4, and (d) IL-10 was measured. *A statistically significant difference between IgG and Ly6G groups (*P < 0.05). (e) A model is presented to illustrate the possible mechanism and role of neutrophils in IDO shRNA-induced antitumor immune responses. IDO, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IFN-γ, interferon- γ; IL-4, interlukein-4; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor- α.