Table 1.
Model input
| Namibia (high) | Kenya (intermediate) | Haiti (low) | Viet Nam (very low) | Reference | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidemiological data | |||||||||||||
| National HIV prevalence among women aged 15–49 years | 17% | 7% | 3% | 0.1%* | |||||||||
| Sub-national HIV burden (prevalence) | High (>20%) | Medium (10–20%) | Low (<10%) | High (>10%) | Medium (5–10%) | Low (<5%) | High (>3%) | Medium (2–3%) | Low (<2%) | High (>0.2%) | Medium (0.1–0.2%) | Low (<0.1%) | |
| Estimated proportion of women aged 15–49 years reside in the area | 37% | 52% | 11% | 14% | 60% | 26% | 26% | 51% | 22% | 17% | 41% | 41% | |
| Estimated proportion of HIV-positive women reside in the area | 49% | 46% | 5% | 37% | 48% | 16% | 34% | 40% | 15% | 36% | 48% | 16% | [17–25] |
| PMTCT services | |||||||||||||
| ANC coverage (at least once) | 97% | 92% | 90% | 94% | |||||||||
| HIV testing at ANC | 81% | 92% | 61% | 72% | |||||||||
| ART for HIV-positive pregnant women | 69% (85% among those tested positive) | 71% | 57% (93% among those tested positive) | 65% | |||||||||
| Cost (in USD) | |||||||||||||
| Antiretroviral drugs | |||||||||||||
| Maternal ART (14 weeks of pregnancy to 12 months postnatal) | 208 | ||||||||||||
| Paediatric ART (annual cost) | [34] | ||||||||||||
| ABC+3TC+LPV/r (0–3 years old) | 258 | [33] | |||||||||||
| ABC+3TC+EFV (3–10 years old) | 182 | ||||||||||||
| TDF/3TC/EFV (>10 years old) | 136 | ||||||||||||
| Laboratory test | |||||||||||||
| HIV rapid test (per test) | 0.73 | [29–32] | |||||||||||
| CD4 (per test) | 5.56 | ||||||||||||
| Viral load (per test) | 21.56 | ||||||||||||
| Early infant diagnosis (per test) | 8.76 | ||||||||||||
| Laboratory monitoring (paediatric HIV) per year | 32.86 | ||||||||||||
| Health services | |||||||||||||
| Clinic with beds (per visit) | 7.59 | 1.39 | 1.55 | 1.90 | [35] | ||||||||
| Primary level hospital (per visit) | 8.65 | 1.59 | 1.77 | 2.17 | |||||||||
| GDP per capita | 5589 | 1358 | 824 | 2052 | [39] | ||||||||
| Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) | |||||||||||||
| QALYs gained per infant infection averted | 20 | [36,37] | |||||||||||
ABC, abacavir; ANC, antenatal care; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4, T–lymphocyte cell bearing CD4 receptor; EFV, efavirenz; GDP, gross domestic product; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; 3TC, lamivudine;
*
among ANC attendees.