Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population divided into two groups according to AF recurrence
| All patients (n = 83) | AF recurrence (n = 19) | SR maintenance (n = 38) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | 42 | 53 | 40 | 0.3 |
| Age, years | 64 (10) | 63.4 (12.3) | 63.6 (10.7) | 0.9 |
| Age ≥65 years | 51 | 47 | 42 | 0.7 |
| BMI | 30.75 (5.20) | 30.6 (6) | 130.3 (4.8) | 0.8 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 61 (15) | 60.9 (13) | 61.6 (17.4) | 0.9 |
| LA, mm | 4.57 (0.51) | 4.7 (0.3) | 4.5 (0.5) | 0.07 |
| LA >4.5, % | 23 | 90 | 55 | 0.009 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 50 (10) | 50 (8) | 50 (10) | 0.7 |
| CHA2-DS2-VASc scorea | 2.48 (1.63) | 2.79 (2.1) | 2.3 (1.45) | 0.3 |
| HAS-BLED scoreb | 0.64 (0.73) | 0.79 (0.71) | 0.5 (0.65) | 0.2 |
| Arrhythmia history | ||||
| First episode of AF | 43 | 37 | 50 | 0.3 |
| Time of AF history, months | 28 (41) | 23 (32) | 21 (30) | 0.6 |
| Duration of AF episode, days | 71 (100) | 48 (58) | 72 (58) | 0.1 |
| History | ||||
| Hypertension | 76 | 79 | 74 | 0.6 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 | 10 | 24 | 0.2 |
| Coronary artery disease | 18 | 15 | 15 | 1 |
| Chronic heart failure | 34 | 42 | 39 | 0.8 |
| CKD | 43 | 39 | 45 | 0.6 |
| Anemia | 10 | 21 | 8 | 0.1 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0.3 |
| Previous PCI | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0.3 |
| End-point | ||||
| AF recurrence on follow-up | 33 | – | – | – |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 91,162 (80,852) | 8,594 (87,404) | 100,640 (79,781) | 0.3 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 4.94 (5) | 6.05 (8.03) | 5.3 (5.70) | 0.3 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 227.69 (54) | 248.56 (60) | 227.2 (54) | 0.3 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 178.22 (57) | 191 (54) | 172 (61) | 0.3 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 58.71 (42) | 63.1 (30) | 55.4 (44) | 0.2 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 114.73 (50) | 105.14 (35) | 124.4 (55) | 0.4 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 26.49 (33) | 28.79 (34) | 26.3 (38) | 0.7 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 861.41 (352) | 832.8 (304) | 914.2 (444) | 0.4 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 248.87 (217) | 304.4 (182) | 262.7 (275) | 0.09 |
| vWF, % | 163.41 (64) | 155.13 (57) | 157.9 (53) | 0.8 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 1.12 (0.37) | 1.08 (0.26) | 1.1 (0.41) | 0.7 |
Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation) or percentages. PCI = Percutaneous coronary interventions; SR = sinus rhythm; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; uNGAL = urinary NGAL; sNGAL = serum NGAL; vWF = von Willebrand factor; IL-6 = interleukin 6; hs CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
CHA2-DS2-VASc score: C = Congestive heart failure/left ventricular dysfunction; H = hypertension; A = age ≥75 (doubled); D = diabetes; S = stroke (doubled); V = vascular disease; A = age 65 – 74 years; S = sex category (female).
HAS-BLED score: H = Hypertension; A = abnormal liver or renal function; S = stroke; B = bleeding; L = labile INR; E = elderly; D = drugs or alcohol.