Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the obese population divided into two groups according to AF recurrence
| All patients (n = 39) | AF recurrence (n = 10) | SR maintenance (n = 17) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | 43 | 60 | 36 | 0.2 |
| Age, years | 62 (10) | 64 (11) | 59 (10) | 0.2 |
| Age ≥65 years | 40 | 50 | 30 | 0.2 |
| BMI | 34.7 (4.25) | 34.1 (6) | 34.5 (3) | 0.8 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 60 (l6) | 58 (14) | 61 (19) | 0.6 |
| LA, mm | 4.7 (0.46) | 4.7 (0.2) | 4.6 (0.5) | 0.4 |
| LA, ≥4.5, % | 70 | 100 | 52 | 0.009 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 50 (10) | 50 (8) | 50 (10) | 0.7 |
| CHA2-DS2-VASc scorea | 2.7 (l.89) | 3.5 (2.5) | 2.3 (1.5) | 0.2 |
| HAS-BLED scoreb | 0.6 (0.78) | 1 (0.66) | 0.35 (0.6) | 0.03 |
| Arrhythmia history | ||||
| First episode of AF | 40 | 30 | 47 | 0.3 |
| Time of AF history, months | 27 (31) | 32 (37) | 21 (27) | 0.3 |
| Duration of AF episode, days | 66 (69) | 63 (106) | 81 (60) | 0.1 |
| History | ||||
| Hypertension | 90 | 90 | 82 | 0.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 | 30 | 47 | 0.3 |
| Coronary artery disease | 30 | 20 | 23 | 0.8 |
| Chronic heart failure | 40 | 40 | 41 | 0.9 |
| CKD | 40 | 40 | 41 | 0.9 |
| Anemia | 10 | 30 | 0 | 0.01 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 10 | 0 | 6 | 0.4 |
| Previous PCI | 10 | 0 | 6 | 0.4 |
| End-point | ||||
| AF recurrence on follow-up | 26 | – | – | – |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 114,123 (91,488) | 129,159 (109,396) | 105,684 (93,689) | 0.5 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 5.1 (5.5) | 6.05 (8.03) | 5.3 (5.70) | 0.7 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 231.6 (55) | 256.8 (60) | 230.3 (54) | 0.2 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 183.9 (60) | 210.6 (20) | 178.3 (52) | 0.2 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 56.1 (35) | 66.3 (20) | 43.7 (24) | 0.03 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 110 (42) | 102.9 (40) | 116.7 (42) | 0.4 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 34.2 (43) | 29.3 (42) | 40.9 (53) | 0.9 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 867.6 (459) | 910.9 (379) | 905.7 (608) | 0.5 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 233.7 (185) | 283.7 (149) | 224.6 (238) | 0.1 |
| vWF, % | 172.6 (64) | 189 (62) | 168 (54) | 0.4 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 1.2 (0.31) | 1.08 (0.24) | 1.1 (0.35) | 0.5 |
Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation) or percentages. PCI = Percutaneous coronary interventions; SR = sinus rhythm; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; uNGAL = urinary NGAL; sNGAL = serum NGAL; vWF = von Willebrand factor; IL-6 = interleukin 6; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C- reactive protein.
CHA2-DS2-VASc score: C = Congestive heart failure/left ventricular dysfunction; H = hypertension; A = age ≥75 (doubled); D = diabetes; S = stroke (doubled); V = vascular disease; A = age 65–74 years; S = sex category (female).
HAS-BLED score: H = Hypertension; A = abnormal liver or renal function; S = stroke; B = bleeding; L = labile INR; E = elderly; D = drugs or alcohol.