Table 5.
Biomarkers of AF recurrence in subgroups of patients
| AF recurrence | SR maintenance | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with LA ≥4.5 cm | |||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 92,295.26 (90,461) | 91,147 (79,165) | 0.9 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 6.37 (8.42) | 4.21 (3.19) | 0.3 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 251.76 (62) | 235.2 (48) | 0.3 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 192.21 (55) | 177.23 (37) | 0.3 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 62 (29) | 50 (33) | 0.2 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 105.2 (37) | 116.3 (45) | 0.4 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 30.3 (35) | 32.5 (46) | 0.8 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 833 (312) | 951.8 (544) | 0.4 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 284 (161) | 282 (300) | 0.9 |
| vWF, % | 147 (57) | 169 (60) | 0.3 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.07 (0.32) | 0.9 |
| Patients with a first episode AF | |||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 52,143 (68,609) | 74,593 (61,769) | 0.4 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 5.81 (10.66) | 3.87 (2.98) | 0.4 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 281.52 (71) | 237.4 (46) | 0.07 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 170.3 (36) | 171 (24) | 0.9 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 51.63 (23) | 67.69 (50) | 0.4 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 107.3 (34) | 128.43 (64) | 0.4 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 20.84 (14) | 33 (48) | 0.5 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 792.62 (139) | 849.69 (266) | 0.6 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 215 (127) | 322 (348) | 0.4 |
| vWF, % | 134 (34) | 148 (40) | 0.4 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 0.96 (0.30) | 1.10 (0.41) | 0.4 |
| Patients ≥65 years of age | |||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 98,573 (99,771) | 73,526 (58,242) | 0.4 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 8.44 (9) | 5.32 (5) | 0.3 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 234.2 (32) | 237.9 (64) | 0.8 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 193.1 (55.9) | 157.9 (55) | 0.1 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 57.5 (25) | 56.7 (31) | 0.9 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 108 (29) | 104 (58) | 0.1 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 38 (47) | 37 (58) | 0.9 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 987 (363) | 1,062 (610) | 0.7 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 372 (189) | 344 (258) | 0.7 |
| vWF, % | 201 (45) | 152 (46) | 0.05 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 1.13 (0.24) | 1.13 (0.43) | 0.9 |
| Patients with CKD | |||
| hs-CRP, ng/ml | 57,895 (90,561) | 96,708 (82,452) | 0.3 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 7.66 (10) | 4.39 (2) | 0.2 |
| MMP-2, ng/ml | 254.5 (55) | 231.7 (56) | 0.3 |
| TIMP-1, ng/ml | 173 (38) | 193 (80) | 0.5 |
| MMP-NGAL complex, ng/ml | 58.8 (24) | 46.5 (22) | 0.2 |
| sNGAL, ng/ml | 131.4 (17) | 133 (55) | 0.9 |
| uNGAL, ng/ml | 33 (26) | 18 (22) | 0.2 |
| Cystatin C, ng/ml | 897.6 (447) | 1,107 (577) | 0.4 |
| BNP, pg/ml | 291 (191) | 262 (223) | 0.7 |
| vWF, % | 162 (56) | 173 (59) | 0.7 |
| Copeptin, ng/ml | 0.99 (0.28) | 1.09 (0.43) | 0.6 |
Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation). SR = Sinus rhythm; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; uNGAL = urinary NGAL; sNGAL = serum NGAL; vWF = von Willebrand factor; IL-6 = interleukin 6; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.