Table 3. Comparison of elderly patients with and without diagnostic discrepancies.
| Clinical features | With (n = 28) | Without (n = 160) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic profiles | |||
| Age (years) | 76.4 ± 9.9 | 78.2 ± 9.7 | 0.36 |
| Gender (male %) | 10 (36) | 85 (53) | 0.09 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 11 (39) | 65 (41) | 0.19 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (68) | 88 (55) | 0.91 |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (4) | 11 (7) | 0.52 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (7) | 13 (8) | 0.87 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (32) | 25 (16) | 0.04 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0) | 12 (8) | 0.12 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (4) | 18 (11) | 0.22 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11 (39) | 38 (24) | 0.08 |
| Rheumatologic disorders | 3 (11) | 2 (1) | 0.13 |
| Cancer | 6 (21) | 45 (28) | 0.48 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 5 (18) | 16 (10) | 0.22 |
| Old stroke | 4 (14) | 32 (20) | 0.45 |
| Dementia or Parkinsonism | 4 (14) | 19 (12) | 0.79 |
| Hemiplegia | 1 (4) | 4 (3) | 0.74 |
| Admission Diagnosis (%) | 0.03 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary | 10 (36) | 82 (51) | |
| Nephro-urological | 6 (21) | 16 (10) | |
| Gastrointestinal or hepatic | 4 (14) | 30 (19) | |
| Oncologic | 1 (4) | 12 (8) | |
| Fever of unknown origin | 7 (25) | 13 (8) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0) | 7 (4) | |
| Vital signs at presentation | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 ± 27 | 136 ± 38 | 0.58 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74 ± 15 | 77 ± 20 | 0.48 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 100 ± 21 | 97 ± 20 | 0.45 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| White blood cells (K/μL) | 13.5 ± 7.4 | 11.8 ± 5.9 | 0.18 |
| Haemoglobin (mg/dL) | 10.2 ± 2.2 | 11.8 ± 8.1 | 0.3 |
| Platelet (K/μL) | 232 ± 116 | 228 ± 107 | 0.86 |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.2 ± 2.7 | 1.7 ± 2.3 | 0.34 |
| Initial AKI on presentation | 19 (68) | 65 (41) | <0.01 |
| Treatment courses | |||
| Care in intensive care units (%) | 2 (7) | 1 (1) | 0.01 |
| Hospital outcomes (death %) | 8 (29) | 15 (9) | 0.01 |
| Discharge diagnosis (%) | 0.01 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary | 10 (36) | 81 (50) | |
| Nephro-urological | 4 (14) | 17 (11) | |
| Gastrointestinal or hepatic | 1 (4) | 31 (19) | |
| Oncologic | 5 (18) | 14 (9) | |
| Fever of other infection foci or non-infection related | 6 (21) | 11 (7) | |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 2 (7) | 7 (4) | |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables, and number (percentage) for categorical variables.
Abbreviation: AKI, acute kidney injury.