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. 2016 Dec 13;7:13798. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13798

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) The GOES 1–8 Å light curve. (b) Temporal profiles of the magnetic helicity flux across the photosphere over the same field of view (FOV) as Fig. 1g. The magenta and grey curves represent the shear term and the emergence term of the helicity flux, respectively. (c) Temporal profiles of helicity flux across the photosphere from spin term (magenta), spin term (grey) and the writhe term (black). Region outside ‘P' and inside the FOV of Fig. 1g is defined as the region ‘O'. (d) Temporal profile of the mean angular velocity of ‘P'. The magenta and grey curves represent temporal profiles of the angular velocity which are obtained from Equation (9) and Equation (10), respectively. In each panel, the vertical grey bar indicates the flare peak time and the error bars represent 1 s.d.

Inline graphic — (a) The GOES 1–8 Å light curve. (b) Temporal profiles of the magnetic helicity flux across the photosphere over the same field of view (FOV) as Fig. 1g. The magenta and grey curves represent the shear term and the emergence term of the helicity flux, respectively. (c) Temporal profiles of helicity flux across the photosphere from spin term (magenta), spin term (grey) and the writhe term (black). Region outside ‘P' and inside the FOV of Fig. 1g is defined as the region ‘O'. (d) Temporal profile of the mean angular velocity of ‘P'. The magenta and grey curves represent temporal profiles of the angular velocity which are obtained from Equation (9) and Equation (10), respectively. In each panel, the vertical grey bar indicates the flare peak time and the error bars represent 1 s.d.