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. 2016 Dec 13;7:13849. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13849

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Data on the lifetime risk of progression to ATL among male HTLV-1 carriers relative to female carriers. The lifetime risk of progression to ATL is approximately the same in men and women in the Caribbean⁶⁰ but between 2.0 and 3.5 times more likely in men than women in Japan¹⁴.