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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2012;799:197–216. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-346-2_13

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Use of the optical tweezers assay. (a) Attachment between a trapped bead and a pilus-bearing bacterium. (b) Optical microscopy image of the attachment event. The scale bar is 1 µm. (c) Example of the measurement of a pulling event using the optical tweezers assay.