Fig. 3. (A) Coronal section of prostate, sphincteric urethra, periprostatic fascias and associated musculature. (B) Axial section through base of seminal vesicles to neurovascular bundle (NVB). B, bladder; M, midprostate; A, apex; U, urethra; CS, colliculus seminalis; CZ, central zone; LAF, levator ani fascia; PPF, periprostatic fascia; PC, pseudocapsule of prostate; ED, ejaculatory duct; LA, levator ani muscle; PF, prostatic fascia; PP, pelvic plexus; PPF/SVF, posterior prostatic fascia/ seminal vesicle fascia (Denonvilliers fascia); PZ, peripheral zone; R, rectum; SMS, smooth muscle sphincter; SS, striated sphincter; SV, seminal vesicle; VD, vas deferens; VPM, vesicoprostatic muscle. Adapted from Walz et al. Eur Urol 2010;57:179-92, with permission of Elsevier B.V. [17].