Table 3.
Single time point comparison between healthy control participants and the treatment groups at 24 months
| Controla | Treatment Groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=23) |
PRE (n = 19 off, 20 on)d |
mFC (n= 18) |
Difference Control – PRE (95% CI) |
Difference Control – mFC (95% CI) |
||
| Off Medication | ||||||
| Gait Velocity (m/s) | Comfortable | 1.36 (0.26) | 1.18 (0.28) | 1.30 (0.2) | 0.17 (0.02 to 0.33) | 0.06 (−0.10 to 0.22) |
| Fast | 2.19 (0.38) | 1.86 (0.50) | 1.95 (0.26) | 0.33 (0.08 to 0.57)b | 0.24 (0.0 to 0.49) | |
| Stride Length (m) | Comfortable | 1.42 (0.18) | 1.23 (0.25) | 1.33 (0.21) | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.32)b | 0.08 (−0.05 to 0.22) |
| Fast | 1.66 (0.22) | 1.48 (0.25) | 1.60 (0.24) | 0.18 (0.03 to 0.32) | 0.06 (−0.09 to 0.20) | |
| Cadence (steps/min) | Comfortable | 114 (13) | 115 (9) | 117 (9) | −1 (−7 to 6) | −3 (−10 to 4) |
| Fast | 159 (25) | 149 (22) | 147 (13) | 10 (−3 to 23) | 13 (0 to 26) | |
| Double Support Time (% gait cycle) | Comfortable | 25.5 (3.5) | 29.8 (6.3) | 27.1 (3.0) | −4.2 (−7.0 to −1.5)b | −1.6 (−4.4 to 1.2) |
| Fast | 18.7 (3.1) | 23.1 (7.7) | 21.0 (3.4) | −4.4 (−7.6 to −1.2)b | −2.3 (−5.5 to 1.0) | |
| Plantarflexion (Nm) | 61.9 (17.6) | 49.0 (18.2) | 45.0 (18.0) | 12.9 (1.6 to 24.2)b | 16.9 (5.6 to 28.2)c | |
| Dorsiflexion (Nm) | 35.4 (10.2) | 31.5 (8.4) | 28.1 (9.0) | 3.8 (−2.1 to 9.7) | 7.3 (1.4 to 13.2)c | |
| On Medicationa | ||||||
| Gait Velocity (m/s) | Comfortable | 1.36 (0.26) | 1.29 (0.25) | 1.39 (0.18) | 0.07 (−0.08 to 0.21) | −0.04 (−0.19 to 0.11) |
| Fast | 2.19 (0.38) | 1.92 (0.38) | 2.04 (0.26) | 0.27 (0.06 to 0.48)c | 0.15 (−0.08 to 0.37) | |
| Stride Length (m) | Comfortable | 1.42 (0.18) | 1.33 (0.20) | 1.43 (0.17) | 0.09 (−0.02 to 0.20) | −0.01 (−0.13 to −0.10) |
| Fast | 1.66 (0.22) | 1.53 (0.22) | 1.66 (0.21) | 0.13 (−0.04 to 0.26) | 0.00 (−0.13 to 0.14) | |
| Cadence (steps/min) | Comfortable | 114 (13) | 116 (10) | 117 (9) | −2 (−8 to 5) | −3 (−9 to 4) |
| Fast | 159 (25) | 150 (18) | 148 (16) | 10 (−3 to 22) | 11 (−2 to 24) | |
| Double Support Time (% gait cycle) | Comfortable | 25.5 (3.5) | 28.3 (5.5) | 25.7 (2.6) | −2.7 (−5.2 to −0.3)c | −0.1 (−2.7 to 2.4) |
| Fast | 18.7 (3.1) | 22.3 (6.2) | 19.5 (2.9) | −3.6 (−6.3 to −1.0)b | −0.8 (−3.6 to 1.9) | |
| Plantarflexion (Nm)b | 61.9 (17.6) | 53.7 (20.5) | 54.8 (14.8) | −8.3 (−19.5 to 2.9) | −7.1 (−18.3 to 4.1) | |
| Dorsiflexion (Nm) | 35.4 (10.2) | 30.2 (9.1) | 30.9 (8.0) | −5.2 (−11.0 to 0.6) | −4.5 (−10.3 to 1.3) | |
Group data are presented as mean (standard deviation).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; mFC, modified Fitness Counts; PRE, Progressive Resistance Exercise.
The same control data were used for comparisons on and off medication, at baseline and at 24 months.
p ≤ 0.01 between group with PD and controls, from ANOVA with pairwise contrast comparisons.
p < 0.05 between group with PD and controls, from ANOVA with pairwise contrast comparisons.
One participant who completed PRE training was unable to complete off medication gait and ankle strength testing at time 4 due to dystonia (subjective report of “toe curling”). This participant did complete on medication testing.