Fig. 8.

Hypothesized neuronal circuit mechanisms of entorhinal LFES treatment. a) The use of optogennetics in mice kindling model. b) Either optical selectively or electrical non-selectively activating (1 Hz) entorhinal CaMKIIα-positive neurons, a subtype of entorhinal PN, may tip the balance between hippocampal inhibition and excitation towards inhibitory or normal favor, because they globally excited ~ 50% hippocampal GABAergic neurons, inhibited ~ 70% hippocampal PN and reduced the severity of kindling seizures. c) In contrast, optical selectively inhibiting entorhinal PN may tip the balance between hippocampal inhibition and excitation towards excitatory favor, because it increase hippocampal the firing rate of hippocampal PN, promoted hippocampal seizures and blocked the antiepileptic effect of entorhinal LFES.