Table 2.

Solutions to failures in neuropsychiatric drug development

Aims:	Response
Establish tight industry-academic partnerships that focus drug development towards mechanisms of disease	Investigate all drugs in relationship to biological targets and mechanisms of disease development.
Improve rate of drug development by regulatory, financial, legal incentives	Advocate in the right quarters for steps that will encourage successful competition in the neuropsychiatric drug market.
Prevent errors in drug developments	Accept the inevitability of man made error and initiate systematic intervention for prevention and correction.
Revive the prestige of scientific psychiatric clinical pharmacology	Encourage academic interest in the science of clinical pharmacology based on basic neuropsychiatric principles. Encourage academics to take the initiative in industry-academia collaborations.
Improve efficacy	Promote public health campaigns against the introduction of new drugs that do not improve efficacy. Require new drugs to be tested against older ones whose efficacy has been established. Do not permit academic involvement in clinical trials of drugs unless they have shown a clear advantage over established drugs.