Macrophage polarization. A, B) Quantification of macrophage polarization in all denuded CCA expressed as M1/M2 ratio at 24 h (A) and 21 d (B). Data are presented as means ± sem; n = 4. C, D) Representative images at 21 d of denuded CCA in all groups depicting M1 and M2 macrophage polarization. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages were costained with DAPI (blue), CD68 (green), and iNOS (red) (C), whereas anti-inflammatory protissue repair M2 macrophages were costained with DAPI (blue), CD68 (green), and CD206 (red) (D). White arrows indicate the respective macrophages. Original magnification, ×400. Scale bars, 50 μm. *P < 0.05.