Table 1.
Patient and visit characteristics.
| All EDs n (%) |
General EDs n (%) |
Pediatric ED n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristics | (N=17,540 patients) | (N=10,114 patients) | (N=7,426 patients) |
| Age | |||
| < 3 years | 1,042 (5.9) | 362 (3.6) | 680 (9.2) |
| 3–11 years | 7,485 (42.7) | 3257 (32.2) | 4228 (56.9) |
| 12–18 years | 9,013 (51.4) | 6495 (64.2) | 2518 (33.9) |
| Sex: Female | 10,749 (61.3) | 6,670 (65.9) | 4079 (54.9) |
| Race | |||
| White/non-Hispanic | 12,498 (71.3) | 6,989 (69.1) | 5509 (74.2) |
| Black | 4,396 (25.1) | 2,731 (27.0) | 1665 (22.4) |
| Other | 646 (3.7) | 394 (3.9) | 252 (3.4) |
| Insurance | |||
| Private | 10,255 (58.5) | 5,350 (52.9) | 4905 |
| Medicaid | 6,421 (36.6) | 4,083 (40.4) | 2338 |
| Self-pay | 842 (4.8) | 663 (6.6) | 179 |
| Missing | 22 (0.13) | 18 (0.18) | 4 (0.05) |
| Comorbidity† | 176 (1.0) | 88 (0.9) | 88 (1.2) |
| Visit Characteristics | (N=21,152 visits) | (N=12,437 visits) | (N=8,715 visits) |
| Academic ED | 10,948 (51.8) | 2,233 (18.0) | N/A |
| Pediatric Volume | |||
| Low | 6,607 (53.1) | 6,607 (53.1) | N/A |
| High | 5,830 (46.9) | 5,830 (46.9) | N/A |
| Metropolitan location | |||
| Large Urban | 17,189 (81.3) | 8,474 (68.1) | N/A |
| Small Urban | 2,524 (11.9) | 2,524 (20.3) | N/A |
| Rural | 1,439 (6.8) | 1,439 (11.6) | N/A |
| Repeat Visits | 517 (2.4) | 239 (1.9) | 278 (3.2) |
| Discharge Diagnosis | |||
| Abdominal pain, not otherwise specified | 5073 (24.0) | 2941 (23.6) | 2132 (24.5) |
| Constipation | 3311 (15.7) | 1004 (8.1) | 2307 (26.7) |
| Urinary tract infection | 1307 (6.2) | 1026 (8.2) | 281 (3.2) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 1310 (6.2) | 750 (6.0) | 560 (6.4) |
| Diarrhea | 1138 (5.4) | 286 (2.3) | 852 (9.8) |
| Gastroenteritis | 854 (4.0) | 801 (6.4) | 53 (0.6) |
| Viral infection | 626 (3.0) | 409 (3.3) | 217 (2.5) |
| Menstrual /female genital organ-related | 603 (2.9) | 552 (4.4) | 51 (0.6) |
| Acute gastritis | 572 (2.7) | 399 (3.2) | 173 (2.0) |
| Ovarian pathology | 417 (2.0) | 359 (2.9) | 58 (0.7) |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease/ cervicitis/vaginitis |
413 (2.0) | 374 (3.0) | 39 (0.4) |
| Fever | 405 (1.9) | 231 (1.9) | 174 (2.0) |
| Pharyngitis | 387 (1.8) | 267 (2.1) | 120 (1.4) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux | 347 (1.6) | 174 (1.4) | 173 (2.0) |
| Upper respiratory infection | 308 (1.5) | 246 (2.0) | 62 (0.7) |
| Other* | 2141 (10.1) | 916 (7.4) | 1225 (14.1) |
| Missing | 273 (1.3) | 106 (0.9) | 167 (1.9) |
†
Comorbidities include Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, transplant history and post-operative status.
*
“Other” diagnoses are those responsible for <1% of the visit cohort for all EDs and include but are not limited to: headache, otitis media, renal stone, pneumonia, chest pain, dehydration, and functional digestive disorders.
Not Applicable = NA