Table 3.
Factors associated with CT use, alone, among visits with advanced imaging to the pediatric ED and general EDs.
| Pediatric ED (N=2,367) |
General EDs (N=3,621) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristics |
CT (N=83) n(%) |
Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio† (95%CI) |
CT (N=2,751)‡ n(%) |
Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio† (95%CI) |
| Age√ | ||||||
| 3–11 yrs | 24 (28.9) | Reference | Reference | 543 (19.7) | Reference | Reference |
| 12–18 yrs | 59 (71.1) | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | 2.9 (1.7–4.9) | 2,208 (80.3) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 45 (54.2) | Reference | Reference | 1,773 (64.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 38(45.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.9 (1.1–3.0) | 978 (35.6) | 3.1 (2.5–3.9) | 2.9 (2.3–3.6) |
| Race | ||||||
| White/non-Hispanic | 75 (90.4) | Reference | Reference | 2,233 (81.2 | Reference | Reference |
| Black | 6 (7.2) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 441 (16.0 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| Other | 2 (2.4) | 0.8 (0.1–3.2) | 1.0 (0.2–4.2) | 77 (2.8 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) |
| Insurance^ | ||||||
| Private | 69 (83.1) | Reference | Reference | 1,750 (63.6 | Reference | Reference |
| Medicaid | 12 (14.5) | 0.6 (0.2–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 860 (31.3 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Self-Pay | 1 (1.2) | 0.9 (0.1–6.9) | 1.2 (0.1–9.0) | 137 (5.0 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 75 (90.4) | Reference | Reference | 2,711 (98.5 | Reference | NA |
| Yes | 8 (9.6) | 7.8 (3.4–17.5) | 7.8 (3.2–18.6) | 40 (1.5) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | NA |
| Repeat Visit | ||||||
| No | 71 (85.5) | Reference | Reference | 2,692 (97.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 12 (14.5) | 3.9 (2.0–7.5) | 4.3 (2.1–8.6) | 59 (2.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
| Academic Hospital* | ||||||
| No | NA | NA | NA | 2,369 (86.1) | Reference | NA |
| Yes | NA | NA | NA | 382 (13.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | NA |
| Pediatric Volume* | ||||||
| High | NA | NA | NA | 1,391 (50.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Low | NA | NA | NA | 1,360 (49.4) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
| Location* | ||||||
| Large Urban | NA | NA | NA | 1,789 (65.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Small Urban | NA | NA | NA | 643 (23.4) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| Rural | NA | NA | NA | 319 (11.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio listed only for factors significant on univariate analysis (p<0.2).
N excludes the 8 visits by patients <3 years who only received CT. Additionally, there were no visits by patients <3 years who only received a CT at the pediatric ED.
Given the small number of children <3 years with CT imaging, this age group (N=285) could not be included in these regression models
Insurance information was missing for 5 visits (1 at the pediatric ED, 4 at the general EDs) with isolated CT use
Academic hospital status, pediatric volume number and percentages are for general EDs only as there is only 1 pediatric ED which is academic, has 100% pediatric volume, and is located in a large urban area.
NA = Not applicable