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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2016 Sep 21;538(7624):201–206. doi: 10.1038/nature18964

Extended Data Figure 5. Fewer accumulated mutations in Africans than in non-Africans confirmed by mapping to chimpanzee.

Extended Data Figure 5

We compute a statistic D(Population A, Population B, Chimp), measuring the difference in the rate of matching to chimpanzee in Population A compared to Population B. The evidence of mismatching to chimpanzee is seen when we restrict to the male X chromosome to eliminate possible effects due to differences in heterozygosity across populations, and map to the chimpanzee genome which is phylogenetically symmetrically related to all present-day humans. We find that in 78 randomly chosen Population A = African and Population B = non-African pairs of males, transversion substitutions show no consistent skew from zero, but transition substitutions do.