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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016 Jul 14;60:89–96. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.015

Fig. 4. Measurement of binding, hemifusion and core entry steps.

Fig. 4

Attachment: a recombinant VACV with Gaussia luciferase (LUC) fused to a core protein is used to measure the binding of virions at 4 °C by assaying cell-associated LUC activity. Hemifusion: R18-loaded virions are bound to target cells at 4 °C, shifted to 37 °C, and the dequenching of R18 dimers due to lipid mixing is measured by increased fluorescence. Core entry: a recombinant VACV that expresses firefly LUC under an early promoter, is used to infect cells and newly synthesized LUC is measured.

Modified from: Laliberte, J.P., Weisberg, A.S., Moss, B., 2011. PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002446.