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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):85–93. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002026

Table 2.

Multivariable models predicting rural hospital bypass and mortality.

Rural Hospital Bypass Mortality
Factor Adjusted Odds Ratio
(95%CI)		 p Adjusted Odds Ratio
(95%CI)		 P
Age (per decade) 0.804 (0.753 – 0.857) < 0.001 1.121 (1.074 – 1.170) < 0.001
Non-White 0.855 (0.482 – 1.517) 0.593 1.171 (0.793 – 1.731) 0.427
Male 1.036 (0.880 – 1.220) 0.669 0.873 (0.792 – 0.963) 0.007
Rural Residence31 0.597 (0.476 – 0.749) < 0.001 1.159 (0.964 – 1.392) 0.116
Primary Source of Health Insurance < 0.001 0.061
  Medicare 0.691 (0.546 – 0.877) 1.042 (0.872 – 1.245)
  Medicaid 1.060 (0.781 – 1.437) 1.167 (0.906 – 1.503)
  Commercial 1.0 (ref) 1.0 (ref)
  Uninsured 0.485 (0.299 – 0.788) 1.489 (1.100 – 2.015)
Source of Infection28
  Pneumonia 0.686 (0.569 – 0.828) < 0.001 0.647 (0.580 – 0.721) < 0.001
  Urinary Tract Infection 0.554 (0.436 – 0.706) < 0.001 0.320 (0.277 – 0.371) < 0.001
  Cellulitis and Soft Tissue Infection 0.876 (0.646 – 1.187) 0.392 0.353 (0.277 – 0.453) < 0.001
Comorbidities (Elixhauser methodology)30
  Congestive Heart Failure 1.170 (0.963 – 1.420) 0.114 1.315 (1.177 – 1.470) < 0.001
  Valvular Heart Disease 1.555 (1.190 – 2.034) 0.001 1.012 (0.844 – 1.215) 0.894
  Peripheral Vascular Disease 1.359 (1.066 – 1.733) 0.013 1.427 (1.227 – 1.659) < 0.001
  Hypertension 1.246 (1.050 – 1.479) 0.012 0.736 (0.666 – 0.814) < 0.001
  Neurologic Disorders 0.983 (0.767 – 1.260) 0.891 1.138 (0.988 – 1.312) 0.074
  Chronic Pulmonary Disease 1.035 (0.862 – 1.243) 0.710 1.128 (1.012 – 1.257) 0.029
  Diabetes Mellitus with Complications 0.995 (0.821 – 1.207) 0.962 0.800 (0.706 – 0.907) < 0.001
  Renal Failure 1.019 (0.838 – 1.239) 0.852 0.956 (0.850 – 1.074) 0.445
  Liver Disease 1.689 (1.273 – 2.241) < 0.001 1.848 (1.505 – 2.268) < 0.001
  Metastatic Cancer 2.275 (1.607 – 3.220) < 0.001 2.052 (1.630 – 2.583) 0.045
Top-Decile Sepsis-Volume Hospital (per 10 miles) 0.756 (0.722 – 0.793) < 0.001 0.979 (0.960 – 0.999) 0.045
Rural Hospital Bypass N/A N/A 1.255 (1.027 – 1.535) 0.027

95% CI, 95% confidence interval

*

All numbered references in this table refer to reference numbers from the main manuscript.