Table 4.
Changes in isometric and concentric isokinetic muscle strength in response to weight loss induced by calorie restriction (CR), endurance exercise training (EX), or a combination of CR and EX (CREX).
| All | CR | EX | CREX | Among group p-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Knee ext. 0°/sec, NM | |||||
| Baseline | 197 (157, 217) | 187 (153, 205) | 201 (166, 229) | 197 (163, 212) | 0.75 |
| Final | 193 (138, 212 | 185 (160, 220) | 195 (129, 213) | 199 (172, 209) | |
| Change | −4 (−24, 12) | −2 (−18, 15) | −12 (−33, −4) | 1 (−16, 17) | 0.35 |
| Within-group P | 0.21 | 0.96 | 0.11 | 0.86 | |
| Knee ext. 60°/sec, Nm | |||||
| Baseline | 205 (172, 229) | 200 (170, 232) | 190 (160, 226) | 211 (189, 219) | 0.66 |
| Final | 204 (166, 249) | 209 (162, 249) | 197 (164, 254) | 214 (171, 225) | |
| Change | 3 (−11, 23) | 2 (−9, 27) | −1 (−17, 15) | 9 (−8, 25) | 0.56 |
| Within-group P | 0.41 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.21 | |
| Knee ext. 180°/sec, Nm | |||||
| Baseline | 139 (113, 167) | 134, (122, 161) | 146 (114, 188) | 152 (113, 169) | 0.91 |
| Final | 133 (114, 160) | 130 (119, 152) | 146 (114, 160) | 135 (113, 150) | |
| Change | −5 (−18, 5) | −2 (−12, 4) | −5 (−24, 16) | −9 (−19, 1) | 0.53 |
| Within-group P | 0.08 | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.08 | |
| Knee flex. 0°/sec, Nm | |||||
| Baseline | 127 (112, 160) | 126 (109, 136) | 152 (110, 166) | 126 (115, 148) | 0.68 |
| Final | 126 (106, 164) | 127 (108, 152) | 127 (104, 189) | 125 (111, 158) | |
| Change | −1 (−11, 10) | 0 (−5, 15) | 4 (−24, 20) | −2 (−12, 2) | 0.53 |
| Within-group P | 0.90 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.31 | |
| Knee flex. 60°/sec, Nm | |||||
| Baseline | 109 (90, 131) | 109 (88, 129) | 110 (96, 121) | 99 (86, 132) | 0.91 |
| Final | 108 (87, 135) | 110 (88, 124) | 106 (87, 147) | 105 (86, 134) | |
| Change | 1 (−7, 8) | 4 (−6, 8) | 4 (−5, 8) | 0 (−8, 5) | 0.87 |
| Within-group P | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.59 | 0.90 | |
| Knee flex. 180°/sec, Nm | |||||
| Baseline | 92 (80, 116) | 92 (79, 106) | 97 (86, 121) | 91 (71, 112) | 0.79 |
| Final | 89 (75, 108) | 90 (79, 105) | 97 (69, 105) | 87 (78, 110) | |
| Change | −3 (−13, 2) | −1 (−12, 6) | −7 (−16, −1) | −1 (−12, 3) | 0.39 |
| Within-group P | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0.24 | |
Values are medians with interquartile ranges in parentheses. Non-parametric statistical analyses were performed because of non-normally distributed data (residuals). Among-group comparisons of changes in strength were performed with Kruskal-Wallis ranks sums tests. Within-group comparisons of baseline and final values were performed with Signed rank tests. Strength data were missing for 8 participants due to technical problems with equipment (n=5), knee pain (n=1), and refusal to perform the final test (n=2).