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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 8.
Published in final edited form as: Photochem Photobiol. 2016 Dec 8;92(6):816–825. doi: 10.1111/php.12659

Figure 5.

Figure 5

TLR4 signaling and TLR4-directed modulatory strategies in keratinocytes. Apart from ligand-dependent activation (exogenous: LPS; endogenous: HMGB1), UV-induced TLR4 activation in keratinocytes plays a role in the control of inflammation, proliferation, cell survival and differentiation, partly though modulation of stress signaling pathways (NF-κB, AP-1). Small molecule antagonism of TLR4-dependent signaling employing resatorvid or other pharmacological modulators may represent a novel approach for the suppression of UV-induced inflammatory signaling and tumorigenesis.