Table 1:

Demographic and clinical characteristics of HC and patients with RRMS^a

Parameter	Healthy Controls (n = 19)	RRMS-NI (n = 19)	RRMS-I (n = 20)
Age (yr)	49.0 ± 7.1	46.4 ± 7.2	48.1 ± 4.7
Women (No.) (%)	14 (73.68)	15 (78.95)	12 (60)
Education (yr)	16.9 ± 2.9b	16.1 ± 1.3	14.6 ± 1.9b
Disease duration (yr)	NA	11.8 ± 5.4	11.6 ± 4.9
HADS-A (log; median [IQR])	3 (1, 6)b,c	6 (5, 7)c	8 (7, 10)
HADS-D (log; median [IQR])	2.3 ± 2.3b	3.5 ± 3.2d	7.6 ± 2.9b,d
EDSS (median [IQR])	NA	1.5 (1, 2)d	2.5 (2, 3)d
Cognitive tests (z score)
BVMT-R_IR	0.37 ± 1.15b	-0.07 ± 1.04d	−1.68 ± 1.34b,d
BVMT-R_DR	0.40 ± 1.14b	0.42 ± 0.77d	−1.62 ± 1.48b,d
COWAT_FAS	−0.67 ± 0.83	−0.26 ± 1.06d	−1.16 ± 0.89d
CVLT-II_IR	−0.25 ± 1.05b	−0.23 ± 1.04d	−1.94 ± 1.36b,d
CVLT-II_DR	−0.11 ± 0.66b	0.21 ± 0.92d	−2.20 ± 1.61b,d
PASAT-2	−0.21 ± 0.88b	−0.26 ± 0.66d	−1.80 ± 0.57b,d
JLO	0.98 ± 0.19b	0.83 ± 0.59	0.40 ± 0.67b
SDMT	−0.14 ± 0.92b	0.02 ± 0.75d	−1.80 ± 1.17b,d
DK-EFS	0.51 ± 0.73b	0.26 ± 0.61	−0.20 ± 1.25b

Note:—BVMT-R_IR indicates Brief Visuospatial Test-Revised_Immediate Recall: BVMT-R_DR, Brief Visuospatial Test-Revised_Delayed Recall; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety; HADS-D, Hospital Depression; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; COWART_FAS, Controlled Oral Work Association Test_Word Recall; CLVT-II_IR, California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition_Immediate Recall: CVLT-II_DR, California Verbal Learning Test-Second edition_Delayed Recall; PASAT-2, Paced Auditory Serial Addition-Part 2; JLO, Judgment of Line Orientation Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; DK-EFS, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System.

^aClinical demographics of participating patients. Significance P < .05. All values are mean ± SD unless specified.

^bHC vs RRMS-I.

^cHC vs RRMS-NI.

^dRRMS-NI vs RRMS-I.