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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ear Hear. 2017 Jan-Feb;38(1):21–27. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000347

Table 3.

Age- and Multivariable-Adjusted Relative Risks of Incident Hearing Loss According to Duration of GERD Symptoms, Nurses’ Health Study II, 2005–2013.

GERD Symptom Duration Incident Cases of Hearing Loss Person-Years Age-Adjusted RR 95% CI Multivariable-Adjusted RR* 95% CI
None 6,027 239,198 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
5 years or less 2,069 61,847 1.32 1.25, 1.39 1.13 1.07, 1.19
6–14 years 1,134 46,476 1.13 1.06, 1.20 1.11 1.04, 1.18
15 or more years 526 15,795 1.34 1.22, 1.46 1.20 1.10, 1.32

P for trend (multivariable-adjusted) <0.001

RR denotes relative risk

*

Adjusted for age, race, body mass index, waist circumference, alcohol consumption, physical activity, nutrient (folate, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, potassium, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, trans fat) intake, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, tinnitus, thiazide use, furosemide use, and acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen use.