Table 2. Hazard Ratios of Type 2 Diabetes by Time Spent in Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Activities, Women's Health Study.
| Minutes per Week in Muscle-Strengthening or Aerobic Activities | P Value for Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | 1 to <20 min | 20 to <60 min | 60 to <120 min | ≥120 min | ||
| Weight Lifting / Strength Training | ||||||
| Cases (person-years) | 1870 (285 062) | 69 (19 824) | 67 (18 968) | 68 (22 548) | 46 (12 423) | |
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| Multivariable model* | Reference | 0.62 (0.50, 0.78) | 0.67 (0.53, 0.84) | 0.55 (0.44, 0.69) | 0.51 (0.37, 0.70) | <0.001 |
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| + Other activities† | Reference | 0.67 (0.54, 0.84) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.98) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.86) | 0.65 (0.47, 0.91) | <0.001 |
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| + Other activities & BMI‡ | Reference | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.14) | 0.76 (0.60, 0.95) | 0.76 (0.54, 1.05) | <0.001 |
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| Aerobic Activities‖ | ||||||
| Cases (person-years) | 164 (15 164) | 425 (45 173) | 325 (43 614) | 335 (56 769) | 871 (198 079) | |
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| Multivariable model* | Reference | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.73 (0.61, 0.89) | 0.63 (0.53, 0.76) | 0.45 (0.38, 0.53) | <0.001 |
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| + Other activities§ | Reference | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.91) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.79) | 0.49 (0.42, 0.58) | <0.001 |
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| + Other activities & BMI‡ | Reference | 1.08 (0.91, 1.30) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.21) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.01) | <0.001 |
*
Multivariable model is adjusted for age, smoking status, dietary habits, alcohol intake, postmenopausal status, hormone use, parental history of myocardial infarction, and trial randomization.
†
Further adjusted for time per week spent in lower intensity activities and aerobic activities.
‡
Further adjusted for body mass index.
§
Further adjusted for time per week spent in lower intensity activities and weight lifting / strength training.
‖
Aerobic activities included walking, jogging, running, bicycling, tennis, aerobic exercises, lap swimming, other aerobic activities, and stair climbing.