Table 1.
Participant characteristics by residential status for 1043 adults in Allegheny County, PA, USA, 2014.
| Model variables | Total cohort (N = 1043) |
Living with a family member (n = 732) |
Living alone (n = 311) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 69.17 ± 9.74 | 67.33 ± 8.84 | 73.46 ± 10.39 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 456 (43.6) | 341 (46.6) | 115 (37.0) | <0.05 |
| Black/other, n (%) | 110 (10.6) | 61 (8.3) | 49 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher, n (%) | 289 (27.6) | 215 (29.3) | 72 (23.3) | 0.12 |
| Disabilitya | ||||
| ADLs, n (%) | 27 (2.6) | 20 (2.7) | 7 (2.2) | 0.66 |
| IADLs, n (%) | 119 (11.4) | 67 (9.1) | 52 (16.6) | <0.05 |
| Neighborhood characteristicsb | ||||
| Physical quality | 1.70 ± 0.52 | 1.66 ± 0.51 | 1.79 ± 0.54 | <0.01 |
| Social quality | 1.91 ± 0.63 | 1.91 ± 0.59 | 1.93 ± 0.63 | 0.71 |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-8)c | 3.62 ± 4.00 | 3.36 ± 3.71 | 4.22 ± 4.56 | <0.05 |
a
Number (%) of participants reporting any ADL/IADL difficulties versus none.
b
Lower scores = better perception of neighborhood.
c
Higher scores = greater frequency of depressive symptoms.