Table 2.
Participant characteristics by marital status group.
| Model variables | Married/living with a family member (referent; n = 740) |
Living alone (n = 303) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Single (69) | Divorced (77) | Widowed (157) | p-value | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 66.68 ± 8.45 | 67.56 ± 9.88 | 68.06 ± 8.59 | 79.06 ± 8.43 | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 289 (54.1) | 37 (53.9) | 18 (23.8) | 54 (34.3) | <0.05 |
| Black/other, n (%) | 20 (3.7) | 13 (18.3) | 17 (22.0) | 19 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher, n (%) | 168 (31.5) | 24 (34.9) | 22 (29.1) | 20 (12.8) | 0.12 |
| Disabilitya | |||||
| ADLs, n (%) | 14 (2.7) | 1 (2.0) | 2 (3.2) | 3 (1.9) | 0.60 |
| IADLs, n (%) | 42 (7.9) | 12 (17.9) | 11 (13.7) | 29 (18.3) | 0.73 |
| Neighborhood characteristicsb | |||||
| Physical quality | 1.61 ± 0.48 | 1.89 ± 0.50 | 1.81 ± 0.59 | 1.77 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
| Social quality | 1.87 ± 0.57 | 2.21 ± 0.65 | 1.94 ± 0.72 | 1.83 ± 0.54 | <0.05 |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-8)c | 3.11 ± 3.59 | 5.09 ± 5.11 | 4.89 ± 5.13 | 3.67 ± 3.91 | <0.001 |
a
Number (%) of participants reporting any ADL/IADL difficulties versus none.
b
Lower scores = more positive perception of neighborhood.
c
Higher scores = greater frequency of depressive symptoms.