Table 5. Multivariate analyses of risk factors regarding overall survival of advanced stage (III–IV) patients (n = 695) using Cox Proportional Hazard Model.
| Covariate | HR | CI(95%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (ref: female) | ||||
| Male | 1.16 | 0.78 | 1.72 | 0.454 |
| Age (ref: <65) | ||||
| 65–<75 | 1.19 | 0.81 | 1.75 | 0.372 |
| ≥75 | 2.53 | 1.46 | 4.38 | 0.001 |
| Histological grade (ref: WD, MD) | ||||
| PD | 1.46 | 1.08 | 1.97 | 0.013 |
| Treatment (ref: surgery alone) | ||||
| Surgery + RT alone | 0.65 | 0.44 | 0.95 | 0.028 |
| Surgery + CT alone | 1.62 | 1.06 | 2.47 | 0.026 |
| Surgery + CCRT | 0.89 | 0.67 | 1.19 | 0.424 |
Notes.
- HR
- Hazard ratio
- CI
- Confidence interval
- WD
- Well differentiated
- MD
- Moderately differentiated
- PD
- Poorly differentiated
- RT
- Radiotherapy
- CT
- Chemotherapy
- CCRT
- Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy