Table 3.

Differences in motivation and process of the surface, deep and strategic approaches to learning assessed in the Study Process Questionnaire [41].

	Motivation	Process
Surface	Completion of the course Fear of failure	Rote learning of facts and ideas Focussing on task components in isolation Little real interest in content
Deep	Interest in the subject Vocational relevance Personal understanding	Relate ideas to evidence Integration of material across courses Identifying general principles
Strategic	Achieving high grades Competing with others To be successful	Use techniques that achieve highest grades Level of understanding Patchy and variable