Table 1.
Patient demographics and intervention details.
| Patient variables | |
| Age [years] | 61.23 ± 12.4 |
| Male | 22 (71) |
| Female | 9 (29) |
| ASA I | 0 |
| ASA II | 0 |
| ASA III | 18 (58) |
| ASA IV | 13 (41) |
| Pre-op ACE inhibitor/ARB | 13 (42) |
| Pre- op calcium blocker | 3 (10) |
| Pre- op beta blocker | 14 (45) |
| Pre- op heparin | 0 |
| Pre- op hemoglobin [g/dL] | 13.96 ± 1.53 |
| EUROscore variables | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 4 (13) |
| Extracardiac arteriopathy | 31 (100) |
| Neurological dysfunction | 0 |
| Serum creatinine >200mmol/L | 4 (13) |
| Poor mobility | 1 (3) |
| Pre-op EF (TEE) >50 | 20 (65) |
| Pre- op EF (TEE) 31–50 | 11 (36) |
| Pre- op EF (TEE) <30 | 0 |
| Recent myocardial infarction | 1 (3) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 3 (10) |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 3 (10) |
| Diabetic on insulin | 0 |
| Logistic EUROscore [%] | 18.9 ± 12 |
| Surgical variables | |
| Ascending aorta only | 9 (29) |
| Ascending aorta +CABG | 2 (6) |
| Ascending aorta +valve | 20 (65) |
| Antegrade cerebral perfusion | 30 (97) |
| Retrograde cerebral perfusion | 1 (3) |
| CPB time [min] | 169.5 ± 45.4 |
| Crossclamp time [min] | 118.8 ± 35.7 |
| Circulatory arrest time [min] | 13 [11; 16] |
| NP temp at circulatory arrest [C°] | 22.4 ± 4.0 |
| Post- op EF (TEE) >50 | 21 (68) |
| Post- op EF (TEE) 31–50 | 10 (32) |
| Post- op EF (TEE) <30 | 0 |
| FFP transfusion [units] | 4 [0; 4] |
| RBC transfusion [units] | 0 [0; 1] |
| Platelet transfusion [units] | 2 [1.5; 2] |
| Cryoprecipitate transfusion [units] | 0 [0; 1] |
| Post-OP hemoglobin [g/dL] | 10.1 ± 0.84 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, median [interquartile range], or number (percentage).
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; EF: ejection fraction (determined by transesophageal echocardiography [TEE]); EUROscore: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score; FFP: fresh-frozen plasma; NP temp: nasopharyngeal temperature; RBC: red blood cell.