DC-derived IL-2 is required for optimal expansion of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells following alum-adjuvanted immunization. Proliferation of CellTrace Violet–labeled OT-II CD4+ T cells adoptively transferred into chimeric mice immunized with OVA (10 μg/mouse) and alum were measured 3 d (A and B) and 7 d (C) postimmunization. Representative graphs of CellTrace Violet dilution and consolidated division indexes in mediastinal lymph nodes (A) and spleens (B and C) are shown. (D) Absolute numbers of CellTrace Violet+ OT-II CD4+ T cells 7 d postimmunization in spleen of Il2+/+, Il2+/−, and Il2−/− mice. (A and B) n = 6 or 7 mice per group from two independent experiments. (C and D) n = 3 mice per group. Error bars represent SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, unpaired two-tailed t test. ns, not significant.