Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in EPIC Norfolk, according to percentage of greenspace (least green 25% and most green 25%) in their home neighbourhood.
| Characteristic | All | Least green 25% | Most green 25% | Difference, least and most green | *P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline (years) | 62.2±9.1 (15,632) | 62.6±9.1 (3909) | 61.2±9.0 (3908) | 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.85±0.09 (14,848) | 0.85±0.09 (3647) | 0.85±0.09 (3726) | 0.0 | 0.558 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7±4.0 (15,464) | 26.7±4.1 (3878) | 26.6±3.9 (3875) | 0.1 | 0.374 |
| Social class (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| Professional | 7.4 (1134) | 6.8 (260) | 8.2 (314) | 1.4 | |
| Managerial | 38.8 (5951) | 34.6 (1322) | 46.2 (1170) | 11.6 | |
| Skilled non manual | 16.7 (2559) | 17.3 (660) | 13.2 (504) | 4.1 | |
| Skilled manual | 21.5 (3303) | 24.1 (923) | 18.5 (710) | 5.6 | |
| Semi-skilled | 12.6 (1929) | 13.3 (507) | 11.6 (443) | 1.7 | |
| Unskilled | 3.1 (479) | 3.9 (150) | 2.4 (91) | 1.5 | |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| Relatively affluent | 85.1 (13,299) | 67.3 (2632) | 95.7 (3741) | 28.4 | |
| Relatively deprived | 14.9 (2337) | 32.7 (1279) | 4.3 (168) | 28.4 | |
| Marital status (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| Single | 4.3 (662) | 5.9 (231) | 3.5 (137) | 2.4 | |
| Married | 79.9 (12,429) | 74.2 (2882) | 84.5 (3284) | 10.3 | |
| Separated or divorced | 6.5 (1009) | 9.1 (352) | 4.8 (185) | 4.3 | |
| Widowed | 9.4 (1455) | 10.8 (418) | 7.2 (31) | 3.6 | |
| Mobility: limited walking half a mile (count) | 0.001 | ||||
| Yes (a lot) | 9.1 (1115) | 10.2 (306) | 7.9 (248) | 2.3 | |
| Yes (limited) | 12.5 (1532) | 13.3 (397) | 11.8 (369) | 1.5 | |
| No | 78.4 (9617) | 76.5 (2285) | 80.3 (2517) | 3.8 | |
| Dog owners (count) | 18.4 (1992) | 11.9 (317) | 28.7 (780) | 16.8 | <0.001 |
| Dog walking (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| Not applicable, don’t own a dog | 77.9 (8427) | 83.3 (2212) | 68.2 (1853) | 15.0 | |
| Never | 4.4 (475) | 4.6 (123) | 5.0 (137) | 0.4 | |
| Sometimes, but not every day | 5.6 (606) | 3.8 (100) | 8.0 (218) | 4.3 | |
| Once a day | 6.3 (687) | 4.9 (130) | 9.6 (261) | 4.7 | |
| More than once a day | 5.8 (628) | 3.5 (92) | 9.1 (247) | 5.6 | |
| Urban/rural location (count) | <0.001 | ||||
| Urban | 45.3 (7079) | 81.5 (3188) | 0.3 (12) | 81.2 | |
| Town and fringe | 22.3 (3483) | 14.5 (567) | 2.3 (90) | 12.2 | |
| Village | 23.3 (3649) | 2.5 (98) | 69.3 (2707) | 66.7 | |
| Hamlet/isolated dwelling | 9.1 (1425) | 1.5 (58) | 28.1 (1100) | 26.7 | |
| Greenspace (%) | 56.6 (31.4) | 15.2 (9.1) | 95.7 (3.5) | 80.5 |
Results are % or mean±SD (n). *P-values from ANOVA and chi square, testing for significant differences between all four quartiles of greenspace and each characteristic.