Table 3.
The differences in selected parameters of cell-mediated immunity between the study groups.
| Evaluated parameters | Patients with DFUs (n = 68) | Diabetic controls (n = 34) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| % of total lymphocytes (calculated from blood counts) | 23.08 ± 6.2 | 27.5 ± 6.9 | p < 0.01 |
| Absolute number of total lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.78 ± 0.61 | 2.4 ± 0.83 | p < 0.001 |
| % of CD3+ lymphocytes | 75.96 ± 7.64 | 75.77 ± 6.73 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD3+ lymphocytes (cells/μL) | 1341 ± 484 | 1847 ± 669 | p < 0.001 |
| % of CD4+ lymphocytes | 49.33 ± 8.74 | 47.24 ± 9.78 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes (cells/μL) | 870 ± 331 | 1122 ± 382 | p < 0.01 |
| % of CD8+ lymphocytes | 25.4 ± 9.66 | 27.83 ± 10.84 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD8+ lymphocytes (cells/μL) | 451 ± 252 | 712 ± 454 | p < 0.01 |
| % of CD19+ lymphocytes | 10.1 ± 4.84 | 10.64 ± 4.11 | NS |
| Absolute numbers of CD19+ lymphocytes (cells/μL) | 188 ± 124 | 251 ± 111 | p < 0.01 |
| % of CD4+ naive effector cells | 1.43 ± 2.79 | 3.03 ± 5.45 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD4+ naive effector cells (cells/μL) | 12.88 ± 27.42 | 34.72 ± 59.76 | p < 0.05 |
| % of CD4+ memory effector cells | 21.74 ± 9.08 | 19.44 ± 8.64 | NS |
| Absolute numbers of CD4+ memory effector cells (cells/μL) | 180 ± 85 | 220 ± 140 | NS |
| Index of CD4+ naive/memory effector cells | 0.09 ± 0.26 | 0.18 ± 0.38 | NS |
| % of CD4+ naive inactive cells | 22.8 ± 12.9 | 27 ± 13.4 | NS |
| Absolute numbers of CD4+ naive inactive cells (cells/μL) | 207 ± 154 | 305 ± 194 | p < 0.01 |
| % of CD4+ memory inactive cells | 54.3 ± 9.8 | 50.6 ± 10.5 | NS |
| Absolute numbers of CD4+ memory inactive cells (cells/μL) | 472 ± 194 | 562 ± 214 | p < 0.05 |
| Index of CD4+ naive/memory inactive cells | 0.47 ± 0.35 | 0.59 ± 0.37 | NS |
| % of CD8+ naive effector cells | 26.4 ± 17.5 | 24.1 ± 13.3 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD8+ naive effector cells (cells/μL) | 128 ± 130 | 189 ± 180 | p < 0.05 |
| % of CD8+ memory effector cells | 31.5 ± 11.2 | 32.4 ± 12.8 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD8+ memory effector cells (cells/μL) | 145 ± 106 | 243 ± 260 | p < 0.01 |
| Index of CD8+ naive/memory effector cells | 1.14 ± 1.28 | 1.02 ± 1.08 | NS |
| % of CD8+ naive inactive cells | 17.9 ± 10.1 | 21.9 ± 12.1 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD8+ naive inactive cells (cells/μL) | 73.2 ± 47.4 | 144.2 ± 131.8 | p < 0.001 |
| % of CD8+ memory inactive cells | 24.2 ± 10.4 | 21.7 ± 10.7 | NS |
| Absolute number of CD8+ memory inactive cells (cells/μL) | 105 ± 72 | 136 ± 79 | p < 0.05 |
| Index of CD8+ naive/memory inactive cells | 0.98 ± 1.02 | 1.31 ± 1.2 | NS |
Data are presented as means ± SD; patients with DFUs (diabetic foot ulcers; n = 68); age, sex, and type of diabetes matched diabetic controls (n = 34); CD: cluster of differentiation; NS: nonsignificant; p value of significance between patients with DFUs and diabetic controls determined using t-test or Mann–Whitney test.