Table 1.
Participant Demographics, Neurologic Status, and Internet Connectivity
| AGE | SEX | ED | TECH USE | APHASIA STATUS | MOTOR LOSS | VISION LOSS | HEARING LOSS | CONNECTION METHOD | CONNECTION QUALITY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1 | 59 | M | 15 | 5.5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Wi-Fi | Fair |
| IL-2 | 59 | M | 14 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Data plan | Poor |
| IL-3 | 78 | M | 12 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Data plan | Good |
| IL-4 | 68 | F | 15 | 3 | 2 | 3* | 1 | 1 | Data plan | Good |
| IL-5 | 69 | F | 12 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | Data plan | Poor |
| IL-6 | 52 | M | 18 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Wi-Fi | Fair |
| IL-7 | 61 | F | 12 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Data plan | Fair |
| IL-8 | 50 | M | 12 | 6 | 1 | 3* | 0 | 1 | Wi-Fi | Good |
| AH-1 | 67 | M | 12 | 3 | 0 | 2* | 0 | 0 | Hotspot | Good |
| AH-2 | 60 | F | 18 | 7.5 | 1 | 2* | 0 | 0 | Hotspot | Good |
| AH-3 | 78 | M | 20 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Hotspot | Good |
| AH-4 | 74 | M | 16 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | Data plan | Fair |
| AH-5 | 51 | F | 14 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Data plan | Good |
| AH-6 | 58 | F | 13 | 5.5 | 1 | 2* | 0 | 2 | Wi-Fi | Good |
| AH-7 | 52 | M | 14 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Data plan | Fair |
| AH-8 | 79 | F | 16 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | Hotspot | Good |
Note: Age, sex (M = male, F = female), and years of education (Ed) for the in-laboratory (IL-1 to IL-8) and at-home (AH-1 to AH-8) participants. Technology use (Tech Use) summarizes the cumulative score on a technology use survey, in which scores can range from 0 to 9 depending upon an individual's history of use with various communication and computing technology and Internet-based software (e.g., Skype, FaceTime). Individuals with scores of 2–3 typically have little to no experience with mobile computing technology and Internet software. Aphasia Status was determined through observation by a trained speech-language pathologist (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe). Motor Loss was based upon finger tapping performance (0 = none, 49+ taps; 1 = mild, 45–48 taps; 2 = moderate, 37–44 taps; 3 = severe, 0–36 taps; * indicates poststroke use of the previously nondominant hand). Vision loss was determined using an Amsler grid (0 = none; 1 = mild, with peripheral loss or distortion in one or both eyes; 2 = moderate, with central blurring, peripheral loss in both eyes, and brightness sensitivity). Hearing loss was determined using an audiometer (0 = none; 1 = slight, with loss of 16–25 dB in one or both ears; 2 = mild, with loss of 26–40 in one or both ears). Connection Method describes the Internet connection method used for the delivery of the assessment battery. For the at-home study, in most cases, the researcher first tried to use the provider data plan on the iPad to establish a mobile broadband connection, switching to mobile hotspot technology as necessary. In the case of one individual with no cellular service, a home wireless network was used. The connection quality during the delivery of the assessment battery is noted in the final column (Good = approximately, packet loss < 5% and/or jitter <60 ms; Fair = approximately, packet loss of 5–10% and/or jitter 60–90 ms; Poor = approximately, packet loss >10% and jitter > 90 ms).