Table 1.
Summary of clinical studies on CTCs in pancreatic cancer
| Reference | Positive criteria | Positive rate | Mean±SD | No. of patients | Median OS with vs without |
Technique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z'Graggen, et al, 2001 [57]. | AE1/AE3-positive | 26% | NR | 27/105 | NS (P=0.35) | Immunocytochemical assay |
| Allard, et al, 2004 [31]. | ≥2 CTCs/7.5 ml | 19% | 2±6/7.5 ml | 4/21 | NR | CellSearch system |
| Nagrath, et al, 2007 [45]. | ≥5 CTCs/ ml | 100% | 196±228/ ml | 15/15 | NR | CTC chip |
| Kurihara, et al, 2008 [58]. | ≥1 CTC/7.5 ml | 57% | 22.8±35.0/7.5 ml | 8/14 | 52.5 vs 308.3 days (P<0.01) | CellSearch system |
| Zhou, et al, 2011 [59]. | EpCAM-positive | 100% | NR | 25/25 | NR | RT-PCR |
| Khoja, et al, 2012 [60]. | ≥1 CTC/7.5 ml ≥1 CTC/7.5 ml |
39% 89% |
6/7.5 ml 26/7.5 ml |
21/54 24/27 |
164 vs 127 days (P=0.19) NS (P=0.36) |
CellSearch system ISET |
| Bidard, et al, 2013 [32]. | ≥1 CTC/7.5 ml | 11% 50% |
2.7±4.6/7.5 ml 8 and 44/7.5 ml |
11/79 2/4 |
11 vs 13 months (P=0.01) NR |
CellSearch system |
| Sheng, et al, 2014 [61]. | ≥1 CTC/ml | 94% | 2.8±1.8/ml | 17/18 | NR | GEM chip |
| Bobek , et al, 2014 [41]. | Cytomorphological features | 66.7% | NR | 16/24 | NR | MetaCell technology |
| Cauley, et al, 2015 [62]. | Positive-stained | 49% | NR | 51/105 | NS (P=0.69) | ScreenCell device |
| Zhang, et al, 2015 [63]. | ≥2 CTCs/ 3.5ml | 68.18% | 7.4±13.9/3.5 ml | 15/22 | NR (P=0.0458) | Immuno-FISH |
| Kulemann, et al, 2016 [39]. | Positive-stained and KRAS mutation | 86% | NR | 18/21 | 16 vs 10 months (P=NS) |
ScreenCell device |
| Katherine, et al, 2016 [40] | ≥1 CTC/ml | 78% | 30/ml | 39/50 | 13.7 vs not reached (P=0.008) |
ISET |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; OS, overall survival; NR, no reports of CTC number or overall survival; NS, no significant difference, ISET, isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells; GEM chip: geometrically enhanced mixing chip.