Fig. 3. Published examples of experimental and numerical simulations of the mechanics of the NPC and the nucleocytoplasmic transport at different scales. (a) Finite element simulation of the passive diffusive flux from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as a function of nuclear deformation. The image was taken from ref. 70, licensed under CC BY 4.0 ; https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/ – corresponding to Fig. 6 in the scientific publication. (b) Tapping-mode AFM image of an isolated NE. The figure was taken from ref. 14, corresponding to Fig. 1 in the scientific publication. Adapted and reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: [Nat. Nanotechnol.] (ref. 14), copyright (2015). (c) Numerical simulation of a cargo trajectory through an NPC. Numerical prediction of a 15 nm cargo trajectory in purple (left image) by its interaction with the FG-repeats (red), right image. The image was taken and slightly modified from ref. 71, licensed under CC BY 4.0 ; https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/ – corresponding to Fig. 1 and 7 in the scientific publication, both figures have been joined together into one single figure.