Table 1.

Interleukin (IL)‐23, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, IL‐1‐β and IL‐6 are involved in IL‐17 secretion by multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)

			No antibodies	a‐IL‐23p19	a‐TGF‐β	a‐IL‐1β	a‐IL6
IL‐17 (pg/ml)	MDR‐TB	C	87 (41–117)	64 (60–104)	91 (95–106)	76 (70–96)	65 (59–70)
		H37Rv	165 (94–171)	90 (48–125)*	92 (53–133)*	78 (39–101)*	99 (53–131)*
		M	207 (82–242)	83 (47–120)*	97 (81–116)*	76 (27–114)*	73 (29–98)*
	PPD+ HD	C	5 (4·0–6·0)	< 4	6 (4–10)	< 4	< 4
		M	17 (10–25)	7 (4–22)*	18 (10–29)	5 (4–15)*	7 (4–18)*

PBMC from 10 MDR‐TB patients and eight purified protein derivative (PPD)⁺ healthy donors (HD) were stimulated for 48 h alone or with the strains H37Rv and M, in the presence or not of monoclonal antibodies against IL‐23p19, TGF‐β, IL‐1β and IL‐6. Then, IL‐17 amounts (pg/ml) were determined in PBMC supernatants by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results are expressed as median and 25–75 percentiles; statistical differences: *P < 0·05 for antibody‐treated versus non‐treated PBMC (Friedman test followed by Dunn's test).