Table 3.
Short‐term avoidance and co‐occurrence. Observed versus expected (O/E) observations of predators in the first 0–12 and 12–24 hr since last detecting major prey species (Thomson's gazelle, wildebeest, buffalo) or other predators (lion, spotted hyena, cheetah). Ratios greater than 1 indicate positive associations (tracking), and ratios <1 indicate avoidance. Expected values were adjusted for diel activity patterns, and significant chi‐squared values (χ2 = (O − E)2/E) > 3.84 are indicated in bold
| Species seen | Since | 0–12 hr | 12–24 hr | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O/E | χ2 | O/E | χ2 | ||
| Lion | Gazelle | 1.72 | 11.63 | 1.97 | 17.10 |
| Wildebeest | 2.45 | 29.25 | 1.96 | 10.90 | |
| Buffalo | 1.52 | 3.21 | 1.78 | 7.11 | |
| Hyena | 2.20 | 33.38 | 1.53 | 8.93 | |
| Cheetah | 0.89 | 0.09 | 1.84 | 4.22 | |
| Hyena | Gazelle | 2.44 | 229.64 | 1.97 | 82.22 |
| Wildebeest | 3.23 | 356.16 | 1.54 | 17.36 | |
| Buffalo | 1.91 | 34.10 | 1.78 | 11.31 | |
| Lion | 2.29 | 45.09 | 1.39 | 3.66 | |
| Cheetah | 2.10 | 9.20 | 0.59 | 1.15 | |
| Cheetah | Gazelle | 1.29 | 0.64 | 1.64 | 2.49 |
| Wildebeest | 1.55 | 1.56 | 1.18 | 0.14 | |
| Buffalo | 2.15 | 1.23 | 1.06 | 0.00 | |
| Lion | 0.00 | 5.34 | 1.09 | 0.04 | |
| Hyena | 1.60 | 2.03 | 0.60 | 1.33 | |