Loss of TGM1 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (a) Expression levels of Axin2, c-myc, CCND1, and TCF4, as determined by qRT-PCR in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells transfected with siRNA targeting TGM1 (si-TGM1) as compared to cells transfected with a control scrambled siRNA (si-Ctrl). (b) TOPflash/FOPflash luciferase assay activities in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells transfected with siRNA targeting TGM1 (si-TGM1) as compared to those in cells transfected with a control scrambled siRNA (si-Ctrl). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.001. (c) β-catenin levels in the nucleus and cytosol in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells transfected with siRNA targeting TGM1 (si-TGM1) compared to cells transfected with a control scrambled siRNA (si-Ctrl). (d) mRNA expression levels of Axin2, c-myc, CCND1, and TCF4 as determined by qRT-PCR in 96 clinical gastric cancer tissue samples