TSG6 induces expression of anti-inflammatory factors while suppressing proinflammatory factors in alveolar macrophages. (A and B) Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL12p70) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-4) were measured in BAL fluid of mice challenged with either i.p. LPS (10 mg/kg) and i.t. saline or i.p. LPS (10 mg/kg) and i.t. TSG6 (5 µg) for 6 h (A) or 24 h (B). TSG6 significantly decreased the production of IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-12p70 while increasing the production of IL-10 and IL-4. n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05. (C) Quantification of transcript expression of iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, CXCL1, Chi3l3, and CD206 by qPCR in CD11b+ alveolar macrophages from BAL fluid of mice challenged with either i.p. LPS (10 mg/kg) for 24 h or i.p. LPS (10 mg/kg) and i.t. TSG6 (5 µg) for 24 h. *P < 0.05, LPS vs. LPS + TSG6.