Table 5.
Adequate pain relief compared to inadequate pain relief in delirious patients versus nondelirious patients
| Postoperative days | VNRS score | Pain at rest
|
P-value | Movement-evoked pain
|
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delirium, n (%) | No delirium, n (%) | Delirium, n (%) | No delirium, n (%) | ||||
| Day 1 | ≤3 | 23 (65.7) | 1,443 (91.7) | <0.001 | 13 (37.1) | 779 (49.5) | 0.147 |
| >3 | 12 (34.3) | 130 (8.3) | 22 (63.9) | 794 (50.5) | |||
| Day 2 | ≤3 | 32 (91.4) | 1,545 (98.2) | 0.028 | 25 (71.4) | 1,080 (68.7) | 0.726 |
| >3 | 3 (8.6) | 28 (1.8) | 10 (28.6) | 493 (31.3) | |||
| Day 3 | ≤3 | 34 (97.1) | 1,550 (98.5) | 0.412 | 31 (88.6) | 1,326 (84.3) | 0.490 |
| >3 | 1 (2.9) | 23 (1.5) | 4 (11.4) | 247 (15.7) | |||
Notes: VNRS is an 11-point verbal numeric rating pain scale with a score range of 1–10. An 11-point VNRS score of ≤3 is considered adequate pain relief. Categorical variables were measured by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. P<0.05, statistical significance.
Abbreviation: VNRS, verbal numerical rating scale.