Table 2.
Associations of Improved Social Mobility Trajectories and Birth Outcomes, Bivariate, Multivariate, and Multivariate Mutually Adjusted for Educational and Financial Social Mobility
| Social mobility measure |
Model | Small for gestational age |
Preterm birth |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE |
p- valu e |
RR | 95% CI | B | SE |
p- valu e |
RR | 95% CI | ||
|
Educational mobility
trajectory | |||||||||||
| Mother to daughter | |||||||||||
| Model 1 |
− 0.09 7 |
0.0 69 |
0.15 7 |
0.9 07 |
(0.793, 1.038) |
− 0.05 1 |
0.0 60 |
0.38 8 |
0.9 50 |
(0.845, 1.068) |
|
| Model 2 |
− 0.27 2 |
0.0 91 |
0.00 3 |
0.7 62 |
(0.638, 0.910) |
− 0.07 9 |
0.0 84 |
0.34 7 |
0.9 24 |
(0.783, 1.090) |
|
| Model 3 |
− 0.25 4 |
0.0 94 |
0.00 7 |
0.7 76 |
(0.646, 0.932) |
− 0.06 8 |
0.0 86 |
0.42 9 |
0.9 34 |
(0.790, 1.106) |
|
|
Financial mobility
trajectory | |||||||||||
| Early childhood to current | |||||||||||
| Model 1 |
− 0.06 3 |
0.0 64 |
0.32 4 |
0.9 39 |
(0.829, 1.064) |
− 0.01 1 |
0.0 62 |
0.86 5 |
0.9 90 |
(0.876, 1.118) |
|
| Model 2 |
− 0.15 8 |
0.0 89 |
0.07 7 |
0.8 54 |
(0.717, 1.017) |
− 0.08 3 |
0.0 87 |
0.33 9 |
0.9 20 |
(0.776, 1.092) |
|
| Model 3 |
− 0.11 2 |
0.0 90 |
0.21 5 |
0.8 94 |
(0.749, 1.067) |
− 0.07 9 |
0.0 90 |
0.37 8 |
0.9 24 |
(0.775, 1.101) |
|
| Middle childhood to current | |||||||||||
| Model 1 |
− 0.04 5 |
0.0 61 |
0.46 1 |
0.9 56 |
(0.848, 1.078) |
− 0.09 1 |
0.0 61 |
0.13 3 |
0.9 13 |
(0.811, 1.028) |
|
| Model 2 |
− 0.14 1 |
0.0 82 |
0.08 4 |
0.8 68 |
(0.740, 1.019) |
− 0.10 3 |
0.0 79 |
0.19 0 |
0.9 02 |
(0.773, 1.053) |
|
| Model 3 |
− 0.10 5 |
0.0 82 |
0.19 8 |
0.9 00 |
(0.767, 1.057) |
− 0.09 7 |
0.0 80 |
0.22 6 |
0.9 07 |
(0.775, 1.062) |
|
Notes: Model 1 is bivariate; Model 2 is adjusted for age, childhood SEP, and parity; Model 3 is adjusted for age, childhood SEP, parity, and for the other form of social mobility (e.g., models for educational mobility controlled for financial mobility from early childhood; models for financial mobility controlled for educational mobility). All social mobility measures are scaled so that a one-unit change corresponds with a one-SD change. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation by chained equations. N=1,408.
B, Beta; RR, risk ratio; SEP, socioeconomic position