Table 4.
No
dependence (n=774) |
Dependence at one
phase (n=86) |
Dependence at 2+
phases (n=44) |
Dependence at 3+
phases (n=43) |
Linear trend test7 |
p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (SE or 95% CI) |
Mean | (SE or 95% CI) |
Mean | (SE or 95% CI) |
Mean | (SE or 95% CI) |
|||
Cannabis dependence | ||||||||||
Social mobility2 |
0.06 | 0.05 | −0.34 | 0.16 | −0.40 | 0.23 | −0.79 | 0.23 | −2.41 | 0.02 |
Financial difficulties3,4 |
−0.14 | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.14 | 0.86 | 0.14 | 6.18 | <0.0001 |
Antisocial behavior in workplace4,5 |
−0.12 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.81 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 4.45 | <0.0001 |
Relationship conflict4,6 |
−0.13 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.16 | 3.91 | 0.0001 |
Traffic convictions3 |
1.64% | (0.90,2.99%) | 9.35% | (4.39,19.93%) | 20.05% | (8.87,45.31%) | 11.62% | (4.50,29.98%) | 1.46 | 0.23 |
Alcohol dependence | ||||||||||
No dependence (n=619) |
Dependence at one phase (n=185) |
Dependence at 2+ phases (n=83) |
Dependence at 3+ phases (n=60) |
|||||||
Social mobility2 |
0.07 | 0.06 | −0.11 | 0.11 | −0.33 | 0.16 | −0.56 | 0.19 | −1.69 | 0.09 |
Financial difficulties3,4 |
−0.14 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.66 | 0.12 | 3.86 | 0.0001 |
Antisocial behavior in workplace4,5 |
−0.17 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 0.87 | 0.14 | 6.18 | <.0001 |
Relationship conflict4,6 |
−0.18 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.92 | 0.14 | 6.07 | <.0001 |
Traffic convictions3 |
1.40% | (0.71,2.76%) | 5.50% | (2.80,10.81%) | 10.82% | (5.12,22.87%) | 9.34% | (3.88,22.49%) | 5.16 | 0.02 |
Means are estimated from unadjusted models. Test-statistics and p-values are adjusted for sex, European ancestry, parental socioeconomic status, proportion of first-degree relatives with substance dependence, low childhood self-control, childhood IQ, adolescent psychopathology (major depressive disorder and conduct disorder), achievement orientation at age 18, living with partner or spouse at age 38, and number of children at age 38.
Change in social class from childhood to age 38; not adjusted for parental socioeconomic status
Adjusted also for % of months in New Zealand from ages 32 to 38
Z-score (M=0; SD=1).
Restricted to respondents who were currently or formerly employed (N = 786)
Restricted also to Study members currently in a relationship (N = 866)
All statistical tests are t-tests with an independent variable (i.e. number of waves with cannabis dependence) coded 0–5 and degrees of freedom n-1; except for traffic convictions, where Wald chi-square tests with 1 degree of freedom are used. All tests are obtained from regression models.