Table 1.

2007 WCRF/AICR recommendations for cancer prevention and operationalization in the current study; 1990 for women (n=11,342) and 1994 for men (n=8,136)

Recommendation category	Description	Operationalization	Points1	% women	% men
1 Body weight	Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight	BMI: 18.5 – <25.0 kg/m2	1	49.6	42.2
		BMI: 25 to <30 kg/m2	0.5	31.1	46.4
		BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or <18.5 kg/m2	0	19.3	11.4
2 Physical activity (PA)	Be physically active as part of your everyday life	≥210 minutes/week	1	55.3	76.1
		120 to <210 minutes/week	0.5	15.9	9.7
		<120 minutes/week	0	28.7	14.2
3 Energy density (ED)2,3	Limit consumption of energy dense foods; avoid sugary drinks4	ED ≤125 kcal/100 g/d	1	15.7	8.7
		ED: 125 to <175 kcal/100 g/d	0.5	8.7	15.6
		ED ≥175 kcal/100 g/d	0	75.6	75.7
		Sugary drinks intake 0 g/d	1	23.0	5.8
		Sugary drinks intake >0 g to ≤370 g/d	0.5	63.2	70.9
		Sugary drinks intake >370 g/d	0	13.8	23.3
4 Plant foods2	Eat mostly foods of plant origin	F&V ≥400 g/d	1	23.5	50.8
		F&V 200 to <400 g/d	0.5	22.7	38.0
		F&V <200 g/d	0	53.8	11.2
		Dietary fiber intake ≥25 g/d	1	11.0	33.1
		Dietary fiber intake of 12.5 to <25 g/d	0.5	79.3	63.0
		Dietary fiber intake <12.5 g/d	0	9.7	3.9
5 Animal foods2	Limit intake of red meat	Red meat <500 g/wk	1	90.3	67.3
		Red meat 500 to <1000 g/wk	0.5	1.5	25.9
		Red meat ≥1000 g/wk	0	8.2	6.8
	Avoid processed meat	Processed meat ≤3 g/d	1	76.9	37.9
		Processed meat >3 to <27 g/d	0.5	22.0	57.7
		Processed meat ≥27 g/d	0	1.1	4.4
6 Alcoholic drinks5	Limit alcoholic drinks	Ethanol intake ≤20 g/d (men); ≤10 g/d (women)	1	81.4	79.9
		Ethanol intake >20 to ≤30 g/d (men); >10 to ≤20 g/d (women)	0.5	11.8	7.3
		Ethanol intake >30 g/d (men); >20 g/d (women)	0	6.8	12.8

¹Quantitative recommendations were used as criteria for assigning component (individual recommendations) scores such that participants received 1, 0.5, or 0 point when the recommendation was met, partially met, or not met, respectively. For recommendations with subcomponents such as foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods and animal foods, the subcomponents were scored first (1, 0.5, or 0 point) then the average score was taken. To define intermediate categories, we used a priori cutoffs based on previous publications (ref #4 and 5);

²Score was the average score of the subcomponents of this recommendation;

³ED was calculated as total non-beverage energy (kcal) from foods divided by the total weight (g) of the non-beverage foods.;

⁴Sugary drinks also included fruit juices;

⁵An alcoholic drink corresponds to 10g ethanol;

F&V=fruits and vegetables;