Table 2.
Comparison of velocity fluctuations over four segments of the races between runners with and without intellectual impairment.
| With intellectual impairment | Without intellectual impairment | F | ES Cohen d | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (m/s) | SD | 95% CI | Mean (m/s) | SD | 95% CI | |||
| 400 M FINAL (MEN, N = 14) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 7.9 | 0.3 | [7.6, 8.2] | 8.9 | 0.2 | [8.7, 9.1] | 120.7* | 3.9 |
| Q2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | [−0.1, 0.4] | 0.6 | 0.1 | [0.5, 0.7] | 21.4* | 3.2 |
| Q3 | −0.5 | 0.2 | [−0.7, −0.3] | −0.5 | 0.2 | [−0.7, −0.3] | 1.2 | 0 |
| Q4 | −0.5 | 0.3 | [−0.8, −0.2] | −0.8 | 0.2 | [−1.0, −0.7] | 7.1 | 1.2 |
| 400 M HEATS (MEN, N = 46) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 7.6 | 0.4 | [7.4, 7.8] | 8.9 | 0.2 | [8.8, 8.9] | 120.7* | 4.1 |
| Q2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | [−0.1, 0.3] | 0.6 | 0.2 | [0.6, 0.7] | 21.4* | 2.0 |
| Q3 | −0.6 | 0.2 | [−0.7, −0.5] | −0.6 | 0.3 | [−0.7, −0.5] | 1.2 | 0 |
| Q4 | −0.6 | 0.2 | [−0.7, −0.5] | −0.9 | 0.3 | [−1.0, −0.7] | 7.1* | 1.2 |
| 1500 M FINAL (MEN, N = 14) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 6.1 | 0.3 | [5.9, 6.3] | 7.2 | 0.1 | [7.1, 7.3] | −6.8* | 5.0 |
| Q2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | [−0.3, 0.6] | −0.6 | 0.1 | [−0.7, −0.6] | 3.8* | 1.6 |
| Q3 | −0.4 | 0.3 | [−0.6, −0.2] | 0.3 | 0.0 | [0.3, 0.3] | −7.6* | 3.3 |
| Q4 | −0.1 | 0.4 | [−0.3, 0.2] | 0.9 | 0.1 | [0.9, 1.0] | −7.6* | 3.4 |
| 1500 M FINAL (WOMEN, N = 12) | ||||||||
| Q1 | 4.9 | 0.1 | [4.8, 5.0] | 6.5 | 0.1 | [6.3, 6.6] | −28.8* | 16.0 |
| Q2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | [0.1, 0.5] | −0.8 | 0.1 | [−1.0, −0.6] | 10.6* | 7.0 |
| Q3 | −0.5 | 0.2 | [−0.6, −0.3] | 0.6 | 0.0 | [0.6, 0.7] | −15.8* | 7.8 |
| Q4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | [−0.1, 0.8] | 0.2 | 0.0 | [0.1, 0.3] | 0.7 | 0.2 |
Q1, first race segment (0–100 m); Q2, second race segment (100–200 m or 100–500 m); Q3, third race segment (200–300 m or 500–1000 m); Q4, fourth race segment (300–400 m or 1000–1500 m); CI, Confidence interval; SD, standard deviation;
*
p < 0.05, negative velocity fluctuations (= deceleration) is highlighted in bold.