Table 2. Odds ratio for participation in diabetes education.

Variable	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Age	0.99 (0.97–1.01)	0.209
Female sex	0.91 (0.57–1.45)	0.695
Diabetes duration	1.04 (1.01–1.06)	0.004
Fasting plasma glucose	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.074
Alcohol ≥4/wk	0.84 (0.43–1.65)	0.617
Non-smoking	1.42 (0.87–2.32)	0.156
Occupation
White collar vs. blue collar	0.73 (0.39–1.35)	0.315
None	1.41 (0.81–2.46)	0.228
Household income
Highest quartile vs. 3rd quartile	0.89 (0.52–1.53)	0.680
2nd quartile	0.87 (0.54–1.39)	0.548
1st quartile	0.69 (0.42–1.14)	0.146
Educational backgrounds
College vs. senior high school	0.61 (0.34–1.12)	0.112
Junior high school	0.47 (0.24–0.91)	0.026
Elementary school	0.34 (0.17–0.65)	0.001
Non-insulin treatment	0.37 (0.21–0.64)	<0.001

CI, confidence interval.