Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with prolonged QTc and patients without prolonged QTc during the SH episode.
| Characteristic | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QTc <460 ms | QTc ≥460 ms | P value | QTc <460 ms | QTc ≥460 ms | P value | |
| Number | 44 (54.3) | 37 (38.3) | 57 (44.9) | 70 (55.1) | ||
| QTc interval during SH, ms | 425±18 | 475±20 | <0.001 | 438±17 | 486±25 | <0.001 |
| Age, yr | 65.1±12.0 | 69.0±12.0 | 0.149 | 68.0±12.2 | 69.3±12.2 | 0.553 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 12.4±9.5 | 14.9±10.6 | 0.296 | 13.0±8.8 | 15.3±11.1 | 0.196 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.3±3.1 | 22.4±3.9 | 0.854 | 24.7±4.4 | 24.4±3.8 | 0.762 |
| Alcohol, % | 35.1 | 36.4 | 0.909 | 3.5 | 8.6 | 0.245 |
| Smoking, % | 43.2 | 27.3 | 0.132 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 0.823 |
| Hypertension, % | 45.7 | 50.0 | 0.708 | 66.1 | 68.1 | 0.809 |
| CKD, % | 43.2 | 40.9 | 0.832 | 28.1 | 34.3 | 0.453 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, % | 52.2 | 65.2 | 0.369 | 53.8 | 71.9 | 0.155 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 135±24 | 140±34 | 0.494 | 138±28 | 135±25 | 0.549 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 81±14 | 82±16 | 0.705 | 82±15 | 80±11 | 0.334 |
| Pulse rate, beats/min | 81±12 | 87±13 | 0.026 | 84±12 | 80±14 | 0.058 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 33.2±14.3 | 34.3±15.8 | 0.738 | 36.3±14.4 | 38.1±14.1 | 0.465 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.4±37.5 | 87.8±35.5 | 0.080 | 82.8±36.6 | 72.8±39.1 | 0.146 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.6±1.9 | 7.7±2.0 | 0.882 | 7.2±1.2 | 7.3±1.4 | 0.736 |
| Microalbuminuria, mg/day | 43.8±49.0 | 241.9±287.4 | 0.010 | 220.8±545.8 | 74.0±164.3 | 0.235 |
| Potassium, mEq/L | 3.9±0.8 | 3.8±0.6 | 0.365 | 3.9±0.6 | 3.9±0.7 | 0.713 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.7±0.8 | 8.2±0.4 | 0.077 | 9.0±0.9 | 8.6±0.7 | 0.142 |
| Magnesium, mg/dL | 2.4±0.8 | 2.2±0.3 | 0.563 | 2.5±0.5 | 2.2±0.5 | 0.117 |
| TC, mg/dL | 149.7±36.3 | 163.3±39.9 | 0.228 | 165.7±50.8 | 180.6±46.5 | 0.215 |
| TG, mg/dL | 115.4±73.9 | 111.2±72.3 | 0.849 | 112.7±46.5 | 122.9±73.3 | 0.577 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 38.3±12.8 | 43.1±14.4 | 0.267 | 54.3±32.4 | 44.6±14.8 | 0.112 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 73.1±27.2 | 95.6±27.4 | 0.020 | 101.9±63.4 | 85.6±40.1 | 0.267 |
| Recurrent SH, % | 0.476 | 0.608 | ||||
| First episode | 51.4 | 68.2 | 56.4 | 64.3 | ||
| Second episode | 40.5 | 25.0 | 32.7 | 24.3 | ||
| ≥Third episode | 8.1 | 6.8 | 10.9 | 11.4 | ||
| Glucose-lowering treatment, % | ||||||
| Insulin | 43.2 | 45.5 | 0.842 | 36.5 | 40.9 | 0.629 |
| Sulfonylurea | 54.1 | 38.6 | 0.165 | 50.0 | 53.0 | 0.744 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
QTc, heart rate-corrected QT; SH, severe hypoglycemia; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.