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. 2016 Dec 20;10:570. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00570

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Copyright © 2016 Rcom-H'cheo-Gauthier, Osborne, Meedeniya and Pountney.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multiple interactions of Ca(II) and oxidative stress on α-syn aggregation. Elevated levels of intracellular Ca(II) may cause α-syn aggregation and the formation of LBs. This calcium dysregulation could be mediated by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or calcium mobilization from mitochondria, α-syn oligomer pores or dysregulation of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), plasma membrane Ca(II) ATPase (PMCA), or Na(I)-Ca(II) exchanger (NCX).