Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of people with T2DM (N=58 717) by ethnicity group
| Characteristic | White n (%) or mean (SD) (N=40 380) | Asian n (%) or mean (SD) (N=5127) | Black n (%) or mean (SD) (N=1858) | Mixed n (%) or mean (SD) (N=483) | Other n (%) or mean (SD) (N=351) | Not recorded n (%) or mean (SD) (N=12 128) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.5 (13.6) | 58.4 (14.4) | 59.6 (13.7) | 60.2 (14.3) | 57.5 (13.4) | 66.6 (14.3) |
| IMD recorded | 38 949 (96.5) | 4888 (95.3) | 1780 (95.8) | 463 (95.9) | 338 (96.3) | 10 104 (96.1) |
| IMD score* | 19.4 (16.0) | 27.6 (17.6) | 30.8 (14.5) | 24.8 (16.3) | 25.9 (15.5) | 19.4 (15.8) |
| Smoking status recorded | 40 380 (99.8) | 5127 (99.7) | 1858 (99.9) | 483 (99.6) | 351 (99.7) | 10 518 (97.6) |
| Never | 12 320 (30.5) | 2812 (54.8) | 1047 (56.4) | 236 (48.9) | 157 (44.7) | 4015 (38.2) |
| Current | 5413 (13.4) | 564 (11.0) | 167 (9.0) | 63 (13.0) | 53 (15.1) | 1225 (11.6) |
| Ex-smoker | 22 574 (55.9) | 1737 (33.9) | 642 (34.6) | 182 (37.7) | 140 (39.9) | 5028 (47.8) |
| Alcohol use recorded | 38 640 (95.7) | 4950 (96.5) | 1787 (96.2) | 466 (96.5) | 333 (94.9) | 8632 (82.1) |
| None | 11 295 (28.0) | 3435 (67.0) | 1027 (55.3) | 218 (45.1) | 193 (55.0) | 3331 (31.7) |
| Within limits | 10 284 (25.5) | 726 (14.2) | 428 (23.0) | 118 (24.4) | 68 (19.4) | 2552 (24.3) |
| Excess | 17 061 (42.3) | 789 (15.4) | 332 (17.9) | 130 (26.9) | 72 (20.5) | 2749 (26.1) |
| Duration of diabetes | ||||||
| <4 years | 11 856 (29.4) | 1936 (37.8) | 708 (38.1) | 193 (40.0) | 140 (39.9) | 3680 (35.0) |
| 4≤x<7 years | 8039 (19.9) | 988 (19.3) | 393 (21.2) | 97 (20.1) | 80 (22.8) | 1919 (18.2) |
| 7≤x<10 years | 8107 (20.1) | 905 (17.7) | 295 (15.9) | 84 (17.4) | 67 (19.1) | 1863 (17.7) |
| ≥10 years | 12 378 (30.7) | 1298 (25.3) | 462 (24.9) | 109 (22.6) | 64 (18.2) | 3056 (29.1) |
| HbA1c measured | 39 687 (98.3) | 5054 (98.6) | 1819 (97.9) | 472 (97.7) | 342 (97.4) | 10 127 (96.3) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 55.9 (16.3) | 57.3 (16.8) | 58.7 (20.6) | 56.4 (17.5) | 57.0 (19.0) | 56.0 (16.4) |
| BMI measured | 39 898 (98.8) | 5062 (98.7) | 1819 (97.9) | 480 (99.4) | 344 (98.0) | 9954 (94.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.9 (6.6) | 28.4 (5.3) | 31.3 (6.5) | 30.4 (6.1) | 29.8 (5.6) | 31.5 (6.6) |
| Blood pressure measured | 40 271 (99.7) | 5104 (99.6) | 1844 (99.2) | 483 (100.0) | 351 (100.0) | 10 326 (98.2) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.2 (19.6) | 120.0 (22.6) | 123.5 (24.6) | 126.2 (18.5) | 121.0 (23.3) | 118.0 (28.5) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.0 (17.1) | 82.0 (21.1) | 86.6 (23.6) | 78.3 (16.5) | 83.4 (21.8) | 89.2 (26.7) |
*A higher score equates to a higher level of deprivation although the scale is non-linear.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IMD, index of multiple deprivation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.