Table 2.
Carotid plaque association with cardiovascular risk factors (multinomial logistic regression analysis)
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Significant plaque (vs no plaque) | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Sex, men | – | – | 1.53 (1.22 to 1.92) | <0.001 |
| Age, 5 years | – | – | 1.97 (1.83 to 2.12) | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.23) | <0.05 | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Log TG, mmol/L | 1.86 (1.54 to 2.25) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) | 0.99 |
| Log CRP, mg/L | 1.27 (1.15 to 1.39) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | <0.05 |
| BMI, 5 units | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.67 | 0.72 (0.64 to 0.82) | <0.001 |
| SBP, 10 mm Hg | 1.35 (1.27 to 1.43) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.28 to 1.45) | <0.001 |
| Former smoker (vs never smoked) | 2.00 (1.58 to 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.78 (1.38 to 2.29) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (vs never smoked) | 4.86 (3.74 to 6.31) | <0.001 | 3.90 (2.90 to 5.25) | <0.001 |
| T2DM | 3.20 (2.21 to 4.62) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.49 to 3.44) | <0.001 |
| Family MI | 1.64 (1.36 to 1.99) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.11 to 1.68) | <0.01 |
| Physically active | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | 0.19 |
| Elementary school (vs university education) | 3.02 (2.30 to 3.96) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.53 to 2.83) | <0.001 |
| High school (vs university education) | 1.96 (1.53 to 2.51) | <0.001 | 1.55 (1.18 to 2.04) | <0.01 |
| Junior college (vs university education) | 1.40 (0.95 to 2.06) | 0.12 | 1.22 (0.80 to 1.85) | 0.35 |
| Statin use | 3.05 (2.34 to 3.98) | <0.001 | 2.38 (1.67 to 3.38) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 2.28 (1.86 to 2.79) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.41 to 2.29) | <0.001 |
| CHD | 3.75 (2.48 to 5.69) | <0.001 | 2.60 (1.60 to 4.24) | <0.001 |
| Minimal plaque (vs no plaque) | ||||
| Sex, men | – | – | 1.35 (1.18 to 1.55) | <0.001 |
| Age, 5 years | – | – | 1.48 (1.43 to 1.54) | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 1.26 (1.19 to 1.34) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.15 to 1.33) | <0.001 |
| Log TG, mmol/L | 1.63 (1.45 to 1.83) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.04 to 1.41) | <0.05 |
| Log CRP, mg/L | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.17) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.12) | 0.25 |
| BMI, 5 units | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.86 | 0.86 (0.79 to 0.92) | <0.001 |
| SBP, 10 mm Hg | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.26) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.15 to 1.26) | <0.001 |
| Former smoker (vs never smoked) | 1.22 (1.07 to 1.39) | <0.01 | 1.22 (1.05 to 1.40) | <0.01 |
| Current smoker (vs never smoked) | 1.80 (1.53 to 2.11) | <0.001 | 1.69 (1.42 to 2.02) | <0.001 |
| T2DM | 1.76 (1.28 to 2.41) | <0.001 | 1.44 (1.02 to 2.04) | <0.05 |
| Family MI | 1.25 (1.10 to 1.41) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.33) | <0.05 |
| Physically active | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.98) | <0.05 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.19) | 0.55 |
| Elementary school (vs university education) | 1.36 (1.16 to 1.61) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.95 to 1.37) | 0.15 |
| High school (vs university education) | 1.18 (1.02 to 1.36) | <0.05 | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.23) | 0.50 |
| Junior college (vs university education) | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.49) | <0.05 | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.35) | 0.42 |
| Statin use | 1.40 (1.11 to 1.76) | <0.01 | 1.53 (1.16 to 2.02) | <0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medication use | 1.43 (1.24 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.10 to 1.53) | <0.01 |
| CHD | 1.15 (0.77 to 1.72) | 0.50 | 1.00 (0.64 to 1.56) | 0.98 |
Model 1, age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis.
Model 2, multivariable-adjusted analysis including age, sex, TC, log TG, log CRP, BMI, SBP, smoking status, T2DM, family MI, physical activity, education level, statin use, antihypertensive medication use, CHD.
BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CRP, C reactive protein; MI, myocardial infarction; NS, not significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.